The technology of painting works provides for the need to have on hand a number of auxiliary materials: gypsum - to eliminate cracks and correction of surface defects; solution for different plaster repair or neutralize stains and deposits on the surface of the masonry chimney; various degreasing agent; the tape for sealing small surfaces that are not subject to staining, etc.
The surface coloration is produced in several layers, each of which performs its functions. The first layer is necessary for adhesion of the multilayer coating to the base. The final layer protects the previous layers from external influences, and also performs the role of decoration. The number of layers depends on the type of paint.
Oil paint is not recommended to apply in one coat, because it will pomareda, over time it will crack. Glue paint is applied in two layers, latex - three, and some glossy varnish, six or more layers.
Before painting, prepare the base. This surface should be cleaned from dirt, rust, grease and dried (especially wooden surfaces). If in the pores of the wood will be water, then paint't get in there - it will remain on the surface and, over time, will disappear. If the wood is dry on the surface but moist inside, when heated by solar rays or any device water vapor will exert pressure on the bottom floor and, ultimately, will just break it.
During the painting, the room temperature should not be below 5 °C.
When preparing the ceiling, first of all, delete the old whitewash. If the layer of whitewash small - it can be washed with hot water using a brush and a rag, and a thick layer of dry clean off by a scraper or spatula, which are placed at an angle to the surface and sliding movements remove the whitewash.
Old cracks on the ceiling and on the walls first, embroider, then fill the cavities corresponding composition. In this case, applying the putty knife. Immediately close up and sinks and depressions on the surface. Once sealed space is completely dry, sanded and primed.
Paint brush.
Brush when painting is kept at a slight angle to the surface. In paint it is dipped, dipping, but not all, only a quarter of the length of hair, and then the excess paint from the brush to remove the edge of the banks.
As advised by professionals, you first need to apply paint on a face, the corners and hard to reach areas and then on a flat surface. When painting the ceiling, the paint often flows down on the handle of the brush to avoid this there are proven methods, for example, you can cut a rubber ball in half and in one of its halves attach the brush. So, in this case, the ball does not come off the handle, it strengthens the gum. If near at hand there was no ball, the handle can be put on the circle of asphalt with a diameter of 5-7 see
Today we often have to use rollers and spray guns, but at home sometimes use brushes. Here are a few tips before you start using brushes. Before you begin the brush should be promate fingers and blow out. Brushes are flat and round. The size of the brush depends on the painted surface or object, and the thickness of the paint. If round brush will be used for the first time, you need to shorten the length of her hair otherwise it will spray paint. Better when length hair - approximately 30-40 cm. The paint should be applied evenly: first in one direction and then perpendicular to the previously applied layer, good shading until the entire surface is evenly coloured. The final brush stroke on horizontal surfaces produce along their long sides, the vertical from top to bottom, and on the wooden surfaces in the direction of the fibers. If the paint based on a varnish, then the final layer is better to smooth lightly brush in the perpendicular direction. For this purpose you should use the hair brush.
When painting large areas, it is advisable to divide the total amount into smaller ones, which is limited by the seams or straps. When working with vertical surfaces, the paint must be carefully shaded, then to not have formed stains (paint, usually begins to flow immediately, after some time, so no need to buy too liquid paint or apply it in a thick layer). If painted some relief surface with grooves, it is necessary to take into account that they do not apply a lot of paint because it will drain and not dry.
Paint roller.
For convenience of the platen, it is necessary to fall flat metal box in the shape of a trapezoid with established inside a sieve with a mesh size of 10-20 mm (sieve need to moistened with paint roller to remove excess paint and spread it around the roller).
The work roller: on the surface of about 1 m2 applied 3-4 strips of paint, then these strips are rolled by the roller in a horizontal direction while the paint is evenly distributed on the entire surface. To limit the painted square edge close or dense paper or glue adhesive tape.
Sputtering.
The main advantage of this type of staining is the speed of applying the paint to a uniform surface. This method is also useful for staining hard to reach surfaces. In the process of spray paints her small particles into the surface and are connected with one another and thus form a uniform layer. But when using this method, it is necessary to close all those surfaces which are not subject to the coloring, so that they are not clear. For this fit rubber sheet, film, paper, etc.
In order not to spoil the surface, it is necessary to monitor the filling of the reservoir of spray paint, because as soon as the liquid level falls and the spray gun will get a certain quantity of air, it will throw on the surface of uncontrolled amounts of paint.
Treatment sponge.
This method of applying the paint is applied to create a speckled pattern. This produces such an effect that the light colour of the background looks like streaks of indefinite form. When using this method, the paint should not be pure white, it must be at least slightly toned. If the idea is getting more contrast, the better background to make Matt emulsion paint, and drawing to put on top of dark tones - then get a flickering pattern. Use of the method of applying paint with a sponge may be a couple of tones to lighten or, conversely, to ucebnici General background of the room. Processing sponge suitable for almost any surface, but is most effective on the surfaces of large area, for example, on the walls.
This method is good to use if necessary masking is not attractive objects, such as radiators. For the base layer and for decorative use undiluted emulsion paint for walls and wood surfaces and metal parts - oil paint. In the process of dyeing using natural sea sponge, its structure has a large number of voids. If the picture on the wall was repeated, you have to break out the sponge and continue the work of its internal rough surface.
The technology of painting works when applying pattern sponge.
Before you begin paint a dark tone, which is intended for applying a pattern sponge, it is necessary to pour into the tray and very well stir. The sponge should be softened enough to soak it in water (assuming that will work with the emulsion), or in white - spirit (oil paint). Then a squeezed sponge and dip into the paint, then press it to the inclined separation of the tray - this is done to ensure that the paint soaked sponge. Now you need to remove with sponges excess paint by light and staccato touches the paper (with a large amount of paint on the sponge pattern can be obtained with blots or simply to melt away). So, let's start drawing. Traffic should be light, not the sponge to rotate or hard to squeeze. In order to avoid repetitions in the pattern, the position of the hand with the sponge should be changed. When the sponge dries out a bit, you can go to the corners and baseboards, because here you have to press the sponge, and therefore there is a danger of excess paint. First, the surface should be applied rare, not closing the main tone, figure and leave it to dry. Meanwhile, wash the sponge, and apply a second layer so that both layers are connected in common figure. After dried, the second layer, we need more bright color to correct individual eye-catching spot (you can use a background color or shade "ivory").
The traditional method of stroke treatment.
For this method, you need to prepare a "glaze" is a blend of 70 % varnish, 20 % oil paint and 10 % white spirit. Then cover the part of the swath width of 500 mm from top to bottom on the main tone. On the fresh "glaze" brush apply a dashed stroke, sure movements (in any case, the brush does not rotate and do not understand). Continue processing until until the entire surface is covered with a stroke. In order to avoid appreciable joints, you need to make the overlap adjacent strips. If it is planned that such surface will be washed, initially it should be covered with a layer of matte polyurethane varnish.
Dotted dash pattern.
Selecting this method of decoration, You will get a more elegant figure. Put drawing on fresh - covered "glaze" or varnish, which helps to create a very striking appearance. The background and color line art pick up as well as in the processing of the sponge. Background it is better to make a lighter shade, then the impression of colour haze, and the bar to make darker - it will provide better picture. You can do it in the opposite direction. Line art looks great on any surface, but especially effectively on the walls in a small room, on the door. Regarding the choice of working material is needed here undiluted emulsion or oil paint. If the "glaze" is not frozen, then you can apply the oil paint. For this method there is a special brush made of badger hair, but you can use any flat brush, main - bristle length should be the same.
The technique of line drawing.
Before you begin we need to pour some paint bright color into a kind of flat capacity layer is not less than 3 mm Dip down a dry brush, only slightly, so that the bristles do not absorb large amounts of paint. The drawing figure, usually, produce from top to bottom, making it jerky movements, thus changing the angle of the brush. To increase the contrast, you can apply the next layer is slightly a little bit on the brush. If in the process of working on the surface randomly appeared blots, they can override the hue of the foreground. At the final stage of work fill in the corners, the space around the casing and near the baseboards almost dry brush with the color of the first layer.
Treatment with tissue.
This creates a greater extent distinct pattern than when drawing a pattern with a sponge or brush. Be drawing the cloth in several ways: a) a clear picture can be obtained by using the crumpled scraps of fabric; b) a softer pattern happens when removing paint or plastic harness; C) the pattern in the form of folded petals obtained when applying or removing the paint with a piece of fabric. These methods are in reality using a fresh "glaze" (its manufacture was described previously). As noted before, the figure is plotted from top to bottom on vertical strips of width 500 mm. Before you begin take a piece of fabric and vymeshivaem it in white-spirit, press the flap and comcam hand (or twisted in the harness). Lightly dip the cloth in the "glaze". If you selected a method of drawing using a harness (roller), then it should be hold in two hands and apply a strip from top to bottom in a straight line and in random directions. It would be unusual and confusing picture. As soon as the fabric will absorb a lot of paint, the flap should be changed. For the application of the pattern in this way is used emulsion or oil paint. When drawing roller or by using the method of paint removal is exclusively used oil paint on all stages of the process. Tissue way of drawing good when you need to adjust the color of the built-in mechanisms (hardware) the color of the walls. The fabric used any from muslin or gauze to suede, the main thing is that it wasn't too fibrous and well absorbed dye.
Technology of application of the pattern with the fabric.
Before the process begins, as before, pour a small amount into a container with a flat bottom. If we want to get a clear picture, then dipped in the emulsion should dry cloth; if you want a softer outline of the pattern, the cloth should be slightly wet; if you use oil paint, the fabric should be moistened in white spirit and squeeze. Before using the fabric will somnam in his hand. Dip the cloth into the paint and lightly wring to remove excess paint, apply first strokes from top to bottom and along the eaves. The fabric should often be cleaned and again to crumple in your hand in order to avoid repeating pattern. As soon as the picture was less clear, it's time to change the fabric. At the final stage of work necessarily corrected insufficiently populated areas. Sometimes you may need to apply a second coat of color, but generally this is not required because the desired effect is achieved on the first try.
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