That feel when you die?
What do people feel when they die? When he realizes that his consciousness leaves? Will there be something unexpected in the moment when our life comes to an end? These questions have vexed philosophers and scientists for centuries, but the theme of death continues to excite every person to this day.
Death comes in different guises, but one way or another, it is usually an acute shortage of oxygen in the brain. Die if people in heart attack, drowning or suffocation, ultimately, the reason for this is an acute lack of oxygen to the brain. If a thread recently oxidized blood to the head stopped through any mechanism, man about 10 seconds to lose consciousness. Death will come in a few minutes. How exactly depends on the circumstances.
1. Drowning
How quickly people will drown, is determined by several factors, including the ability to swim and the water temperature
. In the UK, where the water is cold, 55 percent of drowning in open water is within 3 meters from the shore. Two-thirds of the victims were good swimmers. But people can get into a difficult position for a second, says Mike Tipton, physiologist and expert from the University of Portsmouth, England.
Usually when the victim realizes that soon will disappear under water, starts to panic and floundering on the surface. Fighting for the ability to breathe, they can't call for help. This stage lasts from 20 to 60 seconds.
When the victim eventually go, they don't breathe as long as possible, usually from 30 to 90 seconds. After that there is the breath of a quantity of water, the man coughs and breathes more. Water in the lungs blocks gas exchange in thin tissues, there is a sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles of the larynx - reflex called laryngospasm. The feeling of tearing and burning in the chest, because the water passes through the respiratory tract. Then comes a feeling of tranquility, indicating the beginning of loss of consciousness from lack of oxygen, which, ultimately, will lead to cardiac arrest and brain death.
2. Heart attack
Hollywood heart attack - sudden pain in the heart and the immediate fall, of course, happens in a few cases. But typical myocardial infarction develops slowly, and begins with mild discomfort.
The most common symptom is chest pain, which may be long or appear and disappear. This is a struggle of the heart muscle for life and her death from oxygen deprivation. The pain can give to the jaw, throat, back, abdomen and arms. Other signs: shortness of breath, nausea and cold sweat.
Most of the victims are not in a hurry to ask for help, waiting an average of from 2 to 6 hours. With women more difficult, as they often will experience signs of type shortness of breath, radiating to jaw pain or nausea, and not react to them. The delay could cost lives. Most people who die from heart attacks, just did not get to the hospital. Often the actual cause of death was cardiac arrhythmia.
Approximately ten seconds after the stopping of the heart muscle man loses consciousness, and a minute later he was dead. In hospitals using a defibrillator make the heart beat, make clearing the arteries and administered drugs that returns to life.
3. Fatal bleeding
How soon will come death from bleeding depends on the wounds, says John Kortbeek at the University of calgary in Alberta, Canada. People can die from blood loss for a few seconds, if the torn aorta. This is the main blood vessel leading from the heart. The reasons are serious fall or a car accident.
Death may occur within a few hours, if damaged another artery or vein. In this case, people would have passed several stages. The average adult has 5 liters of blood. The loss of one and a half liters causes a feeling of weakness, thirst and anxiety and shortness of breath, and two - dizziness, confusion, the man falls unconscious.
4. Death by fire
Hot smoke and fire scorch eyebrows and hair and burn the throat and the respiratory tract, making it impossible to breathe. Burns cause severe pain through the stimulation of nerve pain in the skin.
When the burn area increases, the sensitivity is slightly reduced, but not completely. Third degree burns do not hurt as much as the wounds of the second degree, because the superficial nerves are destroyed. Some victims with serious burns reported that no pain is felt while they were still in danger or has been engaged in the salvation of others. As soon as the adrenaline and shock gradually pass quickly causes pain.
Most people who die in fires, in fact, die from carbon monoxide poisoning poisonous gases and lack of oxygen. Someone just won't Wake up.
The rate of occurrence of headache and drowsiness, unconsciousness depends on the size of the fire and the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air.
5. Decapitation
The penalty is one of the fastest and least painful ways to die, if the executioner is qualified, his blade sharp and convict sitting, not moving.
The most advanced technology decapitation - the guillotine. Officially adopted by the French government in 1792, she was recognized as more humane than other methods of taking life.
Perhaps it really quickly. But consciousness is not lost immediately after spinal cord disconnected. A study on rats in 1991 showed that the brain remains still alive 2.7 seconds due to consumption of oxygen from blood to the head; the equivalent number for humans is approximately 7 seconds. If the person fails falls under the guillotine, while the sensation of pain can be increased. In 1541 inexperienced man made a deep wound in the shoulder, not the neck Margaret Paul, Countess of Salisbury. According to some reports, she jumped from the place of execution, and was persecuted by the executioner, who hit her 11 times before she died.
6. Death from electric current
The most frequent cause of death from electric current - arrhythmia leading to cardiac arrest
. Unconsciousness should usually after 10 seconds, says Richard Trohman, a cardiologist from the University of Onset in Chicago. A study of deaths from electric current in Montreal, Canada, showed that 92 percent died from arrhythmia.
If the voltage is high, then unconsciousness occurs almost immediately. The electric chair was expected to cause immediate loss of consciousness and painless death for the transmission of current through the brain and heart.
Is it really so, the question is moot. John Wikswo, biophysicist at the University in Nashville, Tennessee, says that thick, insulating the bones of the skull would prevent sufficient current passes through the brain, and prisoners could die from the heat of the brain, or from suffocation due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles.
7. Falls from height
This is one of the fastest ways to die: the speed limit is about 200 kilometers per hour, is achieved when falling from a height of 145 meters and above. A study of fatal crashes in Hamburg, Germany has shown that
75 percent of the victims died within the first seconds or minutes after landing.
Causes of death vary from the landing place and the person's situation. People hardly reach the hospital alive, if they fall upside down. In 1981 analyzed 100 deadly jumps from the Golden Gate bridge in San Francisco. It has a height of 75 meters, the velocity at impact with the water is 120 kilometers per hour. These are the two main causes instant death. As a result of the fall - massive lung injury, rupture of the heart or damage to major blood vessels of the lung and broken ribs. Landing on his feet significantly reduces injury and can be life-saving.
8. Hanging
The method of suicide and the old-fashioned way of penalty is death by strangulation;
the rope exerts pressure on the trachea and arteries leading to the brain. May be unconscious for 10 seconds, but it will take more time, if the loop is wrong. Witnesses public hangings were often reported victims, "dancing" pain in the loop for several minutes! In some cases after 15 minutes.
In England in 1868 adopted the method of "long drop", providing a longer rope. The victim was reached during hanging, speed, breaking her neck.
9. Lethal injection
Lethal injection was developed in Oklahoma in 1977 as a humane alternative to the electric chair. The state medical examiner and the Chairman of anasthesiologie agreed introduction almost three drugs. First injected anesthetic thiopental, to avoid any feeling of pain, then a paralytic agent pancuronium to stop breathing. Finally, potassium chloride almost immediately stops the heart.
Each drug, as expected, is introduced into lethal dose, excess to ensure a quick and humane death. However, witnesses reported seizures and trying sentenced to sit during the procedure, the introduction of drugs does not always produce the desired result.
10. Explosive decompression
Death due to exposure to vacuum occurs when the loss of pressure in the vestibule or rupture of spacesuit.
When the external air pressure suddenly drops, the air in the lungs expands, breaks the fragile tissues involved in gas exchange. The situation is aggravated if the victim will forget to exhale before decompression or try to hold your breath. Oxygen begins to leave the blood and lungs.
Experiments on dogs in the 1950s showed that 30 to 40 seconds after reducing the pressure of their bodies began to swell, although the skin is prevented them "tearing". First, the heartbeat quickens, and then sharply decreases. Bubbles of water vapor are formed in the blood and travel through the circulation system, hindering blood flow. After a minute, the blood ceases to effectively participate in gas exchange.
People, survivors of accidents decompression, mostly pilots, whose airplanes rethermalization. They talked about sharp chest pain and inability to breathe. After about 15 seconds they lost consciousness.
Source: http://scienceblog.ru/
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