If your baby has grown to the age of pokemouche" and falls asleep you questions about why the stars Shine, who invented the summer, how far away is the sun and what is a comet, it's time to introduce him to the basics of astronomy, to help understand the world around us, to support research interest.
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Planets and stars
Introduction to astronomy should not start with "the big Bang theory". Even adults sometimes difficult to comprehend the infinity of the Universe, and especially the young, for whom still own the house akin to the Universe. Tell us that our Earth is a huge ball, which was a place and rivers, and mountains, and forests, and deserts, and, of course, all of us, its inhabitants. Our Earth and all that surrounds it, is called the Universe or cosmos. The space is very large, and no matter how long we flew in a rocket, we will never be able to reach its edges. In addition to our Earth, other planets and stars. Stars are huge glowing balls of fire. The sun is also a star. It is located close to the Ground and so we see his light and feel the warmth. There are stars many times and the hot Sun, but they Shine so far away from Earth that seem to be just little dots in the night sky. Compare with the baby light flashlight afternoon and evening in the dark. During the day in bright light the flashlight almost not visible, but it shines brightly in the evening. Star light like the light of a lantern: the day it outshines the sun. So the stars you see only night.
Day and night
Inquisitive sooner or later will ask a global question: why it happens day and night? And that would not explain the structure of the world on your fingers, try to create a model of the Earth's rotation around its axis and the Sun. For this we will need the globe and some source of light such as a candle or lamp table. Tell the child that nothing in the Universe is not static. Planets and stars move in their own way, a strictly defined path. Our Earth rotates on its axis and by means of the globe it is easy to show. On the other side of the globe, which is facing the sun (in our case - to the lamp) - day, across - the night. The earth's axis is not straight and inclined at an angle (this is also clearly visible on the globe). That is why there are polar day and polar night. Let the child himself will make sure that as much as he circled the globe, one of the poles all the time will be lit, and the other, on the contrary, darkened. Tell your child about the features of the polar day and night and how people live within the Arctic circle.
Who invented the summer?
Refer again to our model. Now let us move the globe around the “sun” and watch what happens to the light. Due to the fact that the sun is different illuminates the surface of the Earth, is the changing of the seasons. If in the Northern hemisphere summer, the South, on the contrary, winter. Tell us what the Earth needs a year in order to go around the Sun. Show your baby that place on the globe where you live. You can even stick in there a little paper man or a photo of a baby. Move the globe and try with your child to determine what time of year will be at this point. And don't forget to pay attention to the young astronomer that every half revolution of the Earth around the Sun reversed polar day and night.
Planet strouse!
So we got to the planets of the Solar system. Tell the child that in addition to our Earth spinning around the Sun 8 planets. Each planet has their way, which is called orbit. To remember the names and order of the planets kid will help the "Astronomical rhyme" A. Usachev:
On the moon lived astrologer,
He planets kept count.
Mercury, Venus - two-C
Three - Ground, four - Mars.
Five - Jupiter, six - Saturn
Seven - Uranus, the eighth - Neptune
Nine on all - Pluto.
Who sees not " go away.
Tell us that all the planets of the Solar system are very different in size. If we imagine that most of them, Jupiter, the size of a large watermelon, it's the smallest planet, Pluto, is similar to the pea. For clarity, refer back to the model. "The sun" successfully replace big ball. The smaller balls can be used for demonstration of Jupiter and Saturn (put it "rings" out of paper), and the rest of the planet vylepite clay, trying a little to follow the proportions. Now place in the center of the room our "sun", put around the "orbit" of colored thread, and on them - "planet" and their names are written on strips of paper. Kid love to play at home planetarium show, "as they fly around the planet, and even run around the "sun", depicting, for example, the Earth. You can do otherwise. Take your child to work, depicting the Sun and planets on the cardboard sheets. Then cut them out and hang on threads to the chandelier, and even better - to the ceiling, attaching thread small pieces of Scotch. Now the kid would be happy to conduct tours in his "planetarium" for grandparents and friends.
Mysterious Moon
Even polytonality toddler already enthusiastically sees in heaven the moon. And for the grown-up child this Earth satellite can be an interesting object of study. Because the Moon is so different and constantly changing from barely noticeable "Crescent" to all the bright beauty. That would explain baby the cause of these changes, let us again turn to our model with the globe. Only now it will be added and a small ball-"the moon". Show the young astronomer, as the Moon revolves around the Earth and what is happening with the lighting. Explain what the new moon, full moon, rising and waning Moon.
In order to better understand and remember the phases of the moon, get a little diary of observations, where each day will be to sketch the moon as it is seen in the sky. If in some days the clouds will interfere with your observations - it doesn't matter. Anyway, this diary will be a great visual aid.
Of course, the kid will be interesting to see what is on the moon. Tell him that the moon is covered with craters-craters resulting from collisions with asteroids. If we consider the moon through binoculars, you can see the bumps of relief and even craters. Conduct such an experiment. Pour in a Cup or a plate slide flour. Now throw back a ball of plasticine. Carefully remove the bulb and get the likeness of a crater. On the moon there is no atmosphere, so it is not protected from asteroids. But the Land is protected. If a stone splinter enters the atmosphere, it burns. Although sometimes the asteroids are so nimble that you still have time to reach the Earth's surface. These asteroids are called meteorites. Go with the baby in the Museum of nature. Fragments of meteorites make the kids a lasting impression.
Guests to the stars
Great if resting in the village with my grandmother, you and your baby spend a few evenings watching the stars. It is no secret that in remoteness from the city lights, the sky appears before us in all its glory, affecting countless number of stars that suddenly become visible. Search on the sky of certain constellations is a fascinating and useful exercise. And there is nothing wrong if the kid will stand out of the usual mode, and go to bed a little later. But he will develop observation and memory, abstract thinking and imagination, learns a lot of new and interesting. If you are not very good at targeting the constellations, not a problem. Almost all children's books on astronomy, there is a map of the starry sky. Carefully consider with the baby different constellation, and then compete, who will quickly find it in the sky. This is no easy task.
Many constellations are their names since time immemorial. Ancient people looked into the night sky, mentally connected the stars lines and imagined various animals, objects, people, mythological heroes. Different Nations of the same constellation could be named differently. Everything depended on what was told to the people their fantasy. So all the famous Big dipper was portrayed and how the bucket, and as the horse on a leash. With many constellations are connected to different legends. It would be great if mom or dad is revered in advance some of them, and then told the kid, with him looking at the luminous point and trying to see the legendary creatures. The ancient Greeks, for example, there is a legend about the constellations of the Great and Small Females. Almighty God Zeus decided to take his wife is beautiful nymph Calixto, one of the maidservants of the goddess Aphrodite. Aphrodite wanted to prevent it. And then Zeus turned Calixto in the Big Dipper, and her beloved dog in a Small and took them to heaven.
Try look in the sky and the milky Way. It is clearly visible to the naked eye. Tell the child that the milky Way (namely the so-called our galaxy) is a large cluster of stars, which looks at the sky like a glowing strip of white dots and resembles the path of the milk. The Romans attributed the origin of the milky Way goddess of the sky Juno. When she breastfed Hercules, a few drops of breast milk fell, turning into stars formed in the sky the milky Way...
As told telescope...
To start exploring the world of stars and planets you can visit the planetarium. They presented a picture of the starry sky is very clear for the baby and will help you better understand what you tell him. Usually, planetariums there are programs available for young astronomers. And with 4-5 years (and if the baby is very interested in astronomy, then before) it makes sense to make trips to the planetarium on a regular basis. Presentation for kids are held in the form of an entertaining, musical lectures with slide shows and cartoons. Interesting information about the world are served in the form of fabulous performances and all this against the backdrop of a mysterious and amazing starry sky. Special projectors create the effects of the Eclipse of the Sun and the Aurora, reproduce panorama of tropical forests or Martian surface.
Select topics that most interest them at the moment. Maybe it's space ships and space exploration? Or who are aliens and that can be seen through a telescope? Maybe the kid loves fairy tales and want to know about the country of sunbeams or go together with mamontenka in search of the mother? For each young astronomer will find something of interest. And don't forget to discuss with your son or daughter are seen together to find answers to your questions and to draw what was the most memorable...
In General, the space contains a lot of ideas for pictures, articles made of paper, cardboard, plasticine. You can draw fantastic alien worlds and spaceships, to sculpt space aliens, model from plasticine Martian or lunar surface, to invent new names of the planets and constellations, to invent their own galaxy. This topic is endless and wonderful, because it gives the food a child's imagination, develops innovative thinking, stimulates cognitive interest and desire to constantly learn something new.
The young astronomer note
In the study of difficult and interesting the science of celestial bodies (as it is translated from the Greek "astronomy") young astronomer cannot do without good books. The best book on astronomy for children I've ever met - "as told telescope" P. Klushantsev. Unfortunately, it has not been reprinted, and look it is possible only in the library. Good "Astronomy picture for kids released by the publishing house "Eksmo". It is clearly and accessibly explains about the Universe, Solar system and space exploration. Series "Magic Velcro" is not silent on this subject. Game Magic astronomy" will make acquaintance with the world of space interesting and descriptive.
Source:
Razvivashki
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