What is memory?
How does it work?
The memory is composed of several complex processes, which involved almost the entire brain. For a start, any data you want to fix (memory), and it is desirable that this information lingered in my head longer (saving). Then memories it is necessary to periodically bring out into the light of God and to use (playback). Failure at any stage - and now we can't explain passer-by where the street where this house, and what better bus connections to destination. Psychologists still argue about how memory is formed toddlers. There is a theory according to which the baby's head is something like an empty pitcher: know yourself napolnyal his information, but the ability to memorize is innate skill. Other scientists believe that the development of memory still possible and the climax is reached in about to years to ten, Oh, and then, sorry, long road to insanity. Whatever it was, some sequence of stages of memory formation, can be.
My mother's voice and smell of tangerines
The kids of the very tender age of involuntary memory. The baby has no way to set a goal to memorize the name of the Pope - this is in addition to his consciousness and will. The mind of a little child, that is, short. The baby just had a few days of separation from father to stop him to learn. To the year the child can more or less remember the events of the last days, and for 3 years he will tell you what happened with him 2-3 months ago (but don't ask the kid what he did last summer). Initially, the children remember "body": one month after birth is included motor memory.
It allows you to record and play back motion: to crawl, to walk, to swim, to steer the bike with age, it is possible to make clearer and more precise. In six months comes to the aid of emotional memory (the memory of the senses).
Baby can well remember, for example, that the mother satisfies his basic needs (Oh joy! about happiness! ), and stretches her arms with all her strength.
By the way
It is established that good experiences are better remembered unpleasant, so if you want to teach your child something important, gingerbread will be more appropriate than a whip.
In the second year of a child's life comes in shape memory (memory view) - visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory and gustatory. Babies shape memory developed immensely! For this reason, any flavor or taste "from childhood" gives us adults a whirlwind of bright images that it is difficult to describe with words. It is understandable: after all, the vocabulary at that age was still small. In 3 years, children usually begin to remember ourselves, and all that is fixed in their minds after this age, usually stays with them throughout their lives - that is included in the stock of long-term memory. The main feature of long-term memory in that it is not triggered immediately: of course, after a hard cramming "curving" the kid can give you the text without hesitation, but only after a few days we will find out what the lines from this poem he really remembered (probably it will be something about a cat and chain).
Memory youngest preschooler already arbitrary: he learns to remember "wish". Let the toddler Papa some important message, and it will immediately begin carefully wiggling lips, repeating to myself the words. However, in 3-4 years able to remember quite a bit. Often, reaching the destination, the kid with a sigh admits: "I knew, but forgot. If you name a child of this age 15 familiar words, then play it can force 2-3, and then, most likely, will be distracted. Verbal-semantic memory begins to develop 4-5 years. From now on, the phrase is remembered not as a set of sounds (in this case auditory memory), and data blocks.
In 5-7 years, children usually reproduce 4-5 words from 15. Now they can ask questions and show pictures tips will awaken associations, and the result is likely to grow to 8-9 words.
The mnemonics for the little ones
It is clear that up to 3 years, while the child is still not aware of and does not control the processes of remembering, save and playback work memory is not easy, but, according to psychologists, to accelerate its development for a year and a half still can!
Important:
due to age peculiarities of children better remember all bright, rhythmic and sonorous. Preferably "improve memory" is not sitting on a book, and in motion. In other words, fun game from the pedagogical point of view much better than the dull cramming.
Develop verbal-semantic memory
The simplest thing you can do is to talk with your child. Discuss with him everything that happens around, remembering the events of the recent past (e.g., Breakfast or a walk, read poetry to him, make puzzles. Annoying saying "Repetition is the mother of learning" in the development of memory works a hundred percent. So be prepared for the fact that the heir will remember what we are made of the carriage Cinderella only after the fifteenth reading stories. The more questions you ask the child at the end of a book, the better. Note: two-year-olds are able to list heroes favorite story, and in 5 years they already can tell.
The power of memory
What memory gave your baby mother nature, can in General be determined by simple test. You will need a card with a size of 10×15 cm with a pattern of three lines, a few blank sheets of paper the same size as the card, pencil, or pen. You show your child a card and say something like: "You need to remember this picture and then to paint it. If at first you do not succeed, I will show it again and again - in General, as much as you need. When I say: "Caution! " - look at the picture. When I remove - you can draw". The card shows for 2 seconds. For each new attempt, the child takes a blank sheet of paper, and so as long as the image is not close to the original. In the right figure should be approximately the same size, the slope and the number of lines and intersections.
Evaluate the result. Multiply the number of impressions of the card 2.
- Got a 10 and less - so, your baby is endowed with excellent natural memory.
- 12-30 - a measure of the memory of the average force.
- 32-and more - will have to work hard to compensate for the niggardliness of nature. But nothing terrible patience and a little effort.
Play of words. Describe it in two words - for example, telephone and a crow. The task of the child is to come up with a proposal, which they will connect. For example, "Raven stole the phone" or "Telephone threw in the crow". Another fun to "Shop". Mom is appointed by the seller, as, for example, the grandmother asks the child to "buy" 5-7 items for sale of goods. The main thing is to find attractive from the point of view of the baby range: dolls, fruits, vegetables, colored pencil or typewriter. Another option is the game "Headquarters". For example, Batman (you) sends Robin (this child) with a secret report to the Pope-the Spiderman in the next room. The message should be transferred verbatim, otherwise the world faces a terrible threat.
Saving private Disseminated
Tools that will help your child remember more and be remembered longer called mnemonic techniques. Here are some of them. The grouping. Almost any material can be divided into parts. If the baby has been given the task to count and remember how many in the house chairs, to conditionally split the house into zones first and count the chairs in each of them. In the kitchen they will say 5, in the bedroom, 2 in the living room - 4. In the future this method will be useful to teach your child to retell the story. Divide the text into meaningful passages and discuss with your child each in turn - the memory load is reduced in proportion to how many pieces was broken text.
Association. Any new information is associated in the memory with known - so arranged our psyche. To speed up this process, ask your child questions like: "What does this word? Someone like this lady? " There are cases when people remembered the name, associating them with flowers (for example, Alexander Petrovich - purple and Lyudmila Georgievna - green). Numbers are usually "connect" with memorable dates, rooms, apartments or converted into a simple arithmetic operation. Say you want to memorize the number of intercom 246: consider, what is 2 plus 4, and find the third digit. Some associations may seem wild, but the main thing is that the method worked.
The mapping.
Our memory often requires outside help, for example, in the visual prompts. The child has to remember home address, draw for him a map - street, Playground, shop, kiosk ice cream and other interesting baby objects.
Completing.
Scattered information (for example, a list of "products" during a game in the store) are easier to remember if you think of links between words or just write a little story, which mentions all the objects and facts. Classic "A" is "stork", "B" is "banana" is also completing.
Develop visual memory
For this fit the game "thimbles" only fair, of course. You will need 3-4 matchbox. In the eyes of the child hide one button. Challenge the children to show where it is. When the baby will train myself, the process can be more complicated: for example, to hide several items to shuffle boxes or wait a few minutes before asking the question. Good and the game is "missing". Put it on the table several different items, give the kid a couple of minutes to learn, and then ask him to turn away. Until he sees, take one, then ask your kids what is lacking. Possible outcomes: objects change places, and the heir to the need to restore the original order, and it is possible, conversely, to add something to the original set - let the searches unnecessary.
And the bird flies
Some preschoolers developed a special kind of visual memory eidetic memory (sometimes called photographic). Gifted with photographic memory lucky at first sight remember the picture, and then easily describe everything I saw down to the smallest detail. Contrary to popular belief, neither of genius or madness eidetic memory is not evidence - it's just the age feature. If this "talent" has persisted and in school, watch the child carefully: instead of hard to learn, it can hard to use their "super powers". After all, if you can just "shoot" the whole page of text, why puzzle and figure out what is what? It turns out that knowledge seems to be available, but how are the various facts - the child has no idea.
Develop tactile memory
Excellent service here will serve blindman's buff because anyone caught should palpate to identify (to remember), and call by name. You can have fun with the toys. The child is given a "Magic bag", which are composed of different cars with: objective - to determine the object to the touch and call him. For older children is a complex modification: child samaraweera, and you in turn put him in the palm of various items. Preschooler need not only to understand what it is, but opened his eyes to list of toys in the same sequence.
Develop motor memory
It offers everything to do with movement: let the kid dancing, playing outdoor sports and games, exercises and at worst even though doing exercises. With very young can play "Robot". You "program" child - stand up behind him, raise his hand, foot, lower them, and so on, Then the kid himself is trying to repeat the same motions.
Develop auditory memory
Play in "Pairs". To do this, select 10 pairs of words that are related to each other in meaning, for example "cat-mouse", "bread and butter" and so on, and thrice read to their baby. After some time (the older the child is, the more break) you call only the first word of each pair, and the heir must remember the second.
Game rhymes are also a great way to train auditory memory. And of course, there can not do without the singing.
Boys and girls
It is established that boys and girls memory develops differently. Oddly enough, up to ten years, girls outperform boys in terms of rational thinking and verbal semantic memory. They better remember numbers and solve logical problems, and the development of speech often outperform peers of the opposite sex. Boys are more prone to the intuitive, irrational decisions, they have a better developed photographic memory. Over time, the capacity of the people and other are equal, and then the children begin to influence the expectations of others - and the girls suddenly claim that "mathematics is the br-R-R-R-R! ".
Knew, but forgot
Serious memory problems for the most part, a lot of adults. So popular in colloquial speech "insanity" and "sclerosis" kids were not threatened because these terms are completely illiterate from a medical point of view indicate senile dementia. But injuries, epilepsy, coma and tumors, which, unfortunately, happen in children, can cause amnesia, that is, the disappearance of a certain amount of memories. In children most often occurs dysmnesia - loss emotionally not painted abstract data, such as dates or terms. To detect such a violation in a young person is difficult, because his memory is largely operates with images, not words. The child does not remember which locker to put clothes where his toothbrush, and can't find his shovel in the sandbox? In such a situation it direct road to the neurologist! But maybe we are talking about ordinary forgetfulness, which is not so dramatic?
Banal boredom.
Admit it, you yourself do not like to do anything, just because it should be. The child category "debt" do not understand. So, for example, to motivate the child to the memorization of the multiplication tables future career it is impossible he can become head right now! And figures terribly boring today. Output - 's learning.
Features of perception. Perhaps the problem is not in memory, and hearing. If phonosemantic hearing is not developed, no cramming will not help to learn how to write dictations. Often perceived memory problems arise when preparing for school, when pictures and toys you abruptly go to cumbersome definitions and long texts. Teach your child to help yourself when you study the pictures (icons or diagrams) and find logical relationships in the texts, previously shared by you on a kind of dome. If the heir scattered in everyday life, to help him come visual memory. Funny baby towels, toothbrushes in the form of animals and bright shelves are designed not only to please the eye, but also to discipline its owner. You want the child quickly remember where what toys to fold - glue these images above each box.
A lot of stress. Psychologists have found that more troubling than the child, the harder it is to gather and remember anything. For example, plummeting academic achievement in children, fathers and mothers are infinitely brawl with each other. The same thing happens with children, overly sheltered by their parents.
The absence of habits. Discipline is a matter of education. The kid did not immediately realize that he always needs something to remember. The toddler does not wash their hands before eating is not due to the fact that he's a slob, but because you be lazy every day to personally supervise this process. A hundred times you wash your hands with a child a hundred times with him put things in the bag - Yves some point he will start to do all this automatically. According to research, for good form useful habits quite forty repetitions in a row.
Low self-esteem. This is perhaps the most important. Even if you already hands in despair fall, don't tell the child that he "leaky head, from which all crashes. Such words are extremely contagious - thanks to them you really run the risk of grown man with a bad memory. Just because the kid you would believe.
Source:
The family site
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