Problems with reading experience up to 60 % of first-graders. 5-8 % of the children these difficulties eventually develop into persistent disorders. If the 3-4-th class the child is still reading by syllables, swaps places or swallowing letters and their combinations, loses place or returned to the reading of the word, he is diagnosed as "dyslexic". Modern doctors, psychologists, teachers of the term "dyslexia" (and the related term "dysgraphia") is interpreted as a complex violation reading (and writing) that occur for various reasons, internal and external character.The most frequent external causes:
- environmental;
- socio-economic;
- psychological (stress at school, the intensification of the educational process, the inadequacy of educational methods, excessive demands teachers).
Internal reasons:
- genetic predisposition (it is known that difficulties with reading are transmitted by inheritance);
- violations caused by pathology of pregnancy, difficult birth;
- dysfunction of the brain (the lack of the cerebral cortex, regulatory agencies);
the age and lack (delay development of the cognitive functions).
The diagnosis of "dyslexia" physician-pathologist or neuropsychiatrist has no right to put before the child goes to the 3-4 grade. Until this age, you can only talk about the difficulties in learning to read and write. But if in the first six months of study first-grader for the primer sets only under duress, parents should not lose time in vain.
However the latter in time, it is possible to cope with this problem quite successfully and in a relatively short period of time. Than later to begin to eliminate these difficulties, the longer it will work. To teach how to read the running of dyslexia although difficult, but possible. But make sure that he gets the pleasure of communicating with book - alas, almost unreal.
Work on error
Previously, scientists have linked the development of difficulties in learning to read only with speech disorder. Today we know: causes much more. Besides those already mentioned, this may be the problem of visual and visual-spatial perception, impaired motor and visuo-motor co-ordinate, the lack of working memory and attention disorders of articulation, the lack of auditory perception. If one of these "buttons" in a child falls in, there are problems with learning in General.
Identify what happens to the child by the parents is not easy, so it is best to refer to the speech therapists, speech therapists, Psychoneurology. In their professional Arsenal there are special techniques that help to first understand the reasons for the development of the child named above problems, and then to correct these problems.
Own assistants and certain secrets, many of which are quite ingenious. For example, for hyperactive children with disorders of attention sometimes enough to wear on book page strip with a movable "window", in which is placed a single word. Then all the child's attention will focus on one word, and he will not be distracted by other.
All the time
In the emergence of "dyslexia development" often blame the parents. Their vanity and streamlinenet your child to read with diaper can play a cruel joke. Early teaching of reading, when not all the features of the baby this formed, leads to this sad result.
After all, to learn to read by age 5, capable only 20 % of children, the others can only learn so-called guesser reading. And this is a direct way to dyslexia.
Moms and dads need to remember not to compare your child with other children, each "fruit" of their ripening. The same goes for early learning in school: 30 % of children are "ripe" for this only to 8 years, and the remaining 70 % - not earlier than 6-7 years. After all, to be able to read, know little letters. This process is much more complicated. So do not try to quickly make baby bibliophile. It is more useful to develop functions that prepare it for the correct perception of the text. And when they are formed, the child will easily learn to read correctly.
To start prevention of dyslexia should even from the cradle. With the baby need to talk, play, read books to him, and when he will be older, more likely to provoke dialogue and monologue speech. It is also important to develop visual-spatial perception, memory, fine motor skills of the hand.
But children-4, 5-5, 5 years should not exceed 5-10 minutes, and carry them in a time when both you and your baby a good mood.
Eliminating illiteracy
A serious danger for children of school age is a vicious practice speed reading which is imposed on the students in many schools. It's not so bad, if the teacher checks on the read speed in a latent form, but, unfortunately, often this "execution" looks like the competition, the results of which are strictly evaluated, compared and discussed in class. It is the child's stress, and very dangerous. And torment the students absolutely nothing: when read aloud faster than 80 words per minute, the human ear perceives only a part of information, so to master this skill is pointless.
Besides dyslexia - not so much slow as inefficient reading. As shown by the analysis of the unified state exam, more than half of the students are not able, after reading the text, highlight the main idea. This means: despite the fact that our children somehow learned to put the letters in syllables and syllables in words, really the ability to read they did not master.
So if the teacher of initial classes makes to your child excessive demands; he bringeth it hроверками on speed reading, suppresses emotionally, blaming laziness or inability to learn, does not want to understand the causes of the difficulties, it only indicates that the unqualified teacher. Learning from him vietnamnese for a child not only dyslexic, but severe neurosis, stuttering and psychosomatic diseases. And it is a matter of parents: whether to leave his son or daughter to learn from such a "professional" or transfer to another class.
Today, fortunately, dyslexicon stopped counting people intellectually limited. Moreover, some scholars have called dyslexia, one of the hallmarks of genius.
In proof of this version, they lead a very impressive list of celebrities that have experienced difficulty in writing and reading: albert Einstein, Thomas Edison, Hans Christian Andersen, Walt Disney, Leonardo da Vinci, Peter the great, Winston Churchill, Nikita Khrushchev, Quentin Tarantino, Ozzy Osbourne, Tom cruise and 40 % of millionaires (including the famous John D. Rockefeller) - dislexic.
With Marianas joint, Director of the Institute of developmental physiology, Russian Academy of education, doctor of biological Sciences, Professor, academician of RAO talked Elena Nichenko.
Source:
The health of the schoolchild
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