And all because the fracture should be fixed in the position most comfortable for the victim. Limb at the same time, usually bent. So. You knew about this? I hope so. And because over listed below are the ten most common incorrect stereotypes of first aid will laugh at how over the long-known thing. Or think. Or remember. And best of all - you will find time and go good courses in first aid. Suddenly, God forbid, will be useful.
1. Himself die, but save your friend
This stereotype is very firmly hammered into the heads of the older generation movies, books and just ideology of the Soviet time, desperately extolling the heroism and sacrifice. No doubt - this is important, valuable, and sometimes even necessary. But in real life, on the street, in the city or in the countryside following a memorized rules could cost the life of a hero, and saved.
A simple example - the car crashed into a pole transmission line. The driver sits inside the unconscious, the current does not get damaged. And suddenly on the revenue he rushes hero. Seeks to the car without seeing the wires, and one more victims. Then another hero, then a couple... and that's before us machine with a live driver, surrounded by a bunch of heroic bodies, and not had time to call the rescue team and an ambulance. Clearly, the media frenzy, a rally with placards, "how Long?! "someone sued, and in the whole country declared a state of emergency. In short - it is a mess, and why? Because our heroes didn't know one simple rule - first determine what threatens you, and then threatening the victim, because if something happens to help you will not be able. Assess the situation, call 01 and refrain from extreme heroism. How would it cynically sounds, one corpse is always better than two.
2. To get by any means
Let's continue the theme of roads and accidents. You won't believe how widely used in the country the following scenario: emergency and rescue workers arrive at the site of the accident and victims already extracted from the crumpled cars, laid in the shade, and filled with water. This voluntary rescuers were pulling people out of cars for arms and legs and in addition to the injuries caught up with a couple very General concern, such deformation of the broken spine. So people would have sat in the car, waited for help, the experts carefully this car was disassembled to put him on a stretcher and transferred to doctors. Six months in the hospital and again on legs. And now there is no. Now - lifelong disability. And all because not specially. All from a desire to help. So, it is not necessary. Do not pretend to rescue. Steps witnesses to the accident are as follows: to call for help, disable the battery backup machine to accidental sparks erupted spilled gasoline, to enclose the scene of an accident, to stop the victim bleeding (if any) and before the arrival of the doctors man. talking. Yes, psychologically, to support, to distract, to encourage, to joke in the end. The wounded must feel that the care. But to drag a man's arms and legs from the car can only be in one case - when the possible consequences of transportation will be less than its absence. For example - when the vehicle went up in flames.
3. The pull-tab to the collar
Remember this bike? In the military service of first aid has a pin, and need it in order to pin the language of the unconscious man to his collar so that he (the language) does not fuse and not blocked Airways. And after all, it happened, and so did. A good picture is here now to Wake up from fainting, but with the tongue out? Yes, unconscious man always falls in language. Yes, it should be borne in mind and to deal with it. But not the same barbaric method! Have you ever, by the way, tried a person to get from the mouth of the language? No? Try. You will find the opening - it is soft, slippery and does not want to remain in a stretched condition. Yes and unhygienic it. To free the airway from Zapatero language, man, just turn sideways. All the Airways open. So, by the way, it is recommended to do with all the familiar and unfamiliar drunkards, sleeping on the street. Put it on one side and nothing will praspitsa. But if he fell asleep lying on his back, then his life is threatened by two dangers: gasp from zapadenia language and choke on vomit. And if one side for some reason it is impossible (for example, a suspected spinal injury, in which there is once again stirring the person is dangerous) just your his head back. This is enough.
4. Harness on the neck
By the way, it is possible. Harness neck superimposed, but not just so, and through hand. But I am not talking about. With a bundle of our people relationships tremulous and tender. He is in every medicine Cabinet, and therefore, any heavy bleeding citizens rush to shoutout. Some even remember that in the summer of harness can be used for two hours, and in winter one. And I know that venous blood is darker in color arterial. Here are just often turns out that is not the life-threatening gash somehow shutout, so much so that on arrival in the hospital, it turns out - bloodless limb not to save. Remember - harness applies only to stop arterial bleeding. How to distinguish? Well certainly not by the color of blood. Firstly, shades of red, and so it is not always distinguish, and there is still a stressful situation. Easy to make a mistake. However, it is arterial bleeding, you will learn easily. If we translate our typical pressure 120 over 80 in the atmosphere, this will consist of 1, 4. That is, almost half. Now imagine that out of a narrow tube through a small hole under the pressure of half an atmosphere comes in " Yes. Figured, what the fountain is? So-and-so. It is the pressure and the height of the fountain of blood unmistakably identified arterial bleeding. And here it is delayed, the life goes out of a man with every second. So don't look for a harness or rope, take the belt. Good grip, though, finger. Where? In places where the artery closest to the body surface and less covered - groin, under - mouse. Your task is to press the artery, wait stop the bleeding, and then to fit into place harness. And hurry to the hospital. By the way, harness put on clothes, so it shows. Note the time the tourniquet is applied better to write with a marker. on the forehead of the victim. So more likely that the information will not be lost, and the poor guy will probably forgive you this body art.
But venous bleeding - even very rich - it is better to stop a tight pressure bandage. It does not matter if it is thoroughly soaked with the blood is put on top of another layer. This addition will allow the doctor to the thickness of the bandage to assess the severity of the blood loss.
5. Burn we shall oil
We imagine, are made of 80% water, which, among other properties, has a heat capacity. What we burn, if we consider these data? Some of the heat gets on the skin and with its surface goes deeper into the tissues of the body, which readily accumulate inherited joules. That tells us banal logic? To joules to extract back and stop overheating, should the burn to cool. After all, right? And just like. Pour on the burn with cool water and wait. But we expect, as it turns out, is not enough. As a rule, to mitigate or loss of pain, that is less than a minute. During this time, only part of joules comes out, the others are sitting, hiding, and waiting for developments. How do we develop? Thickly smear the burn panthenol, cream, kefir or - Babkina recipe - oil with salt. What happens? Above the place where the tissues are walking the proverbial joules, creates a pressurized cushion of matter covering them release. As a result burn only exacerbated. But if I had the patience to stand under the water for 10-15 minutes, would be a very different conversation. And panthenol, and other tools began to work with the damaged area of the skin, from which all the heat is already displayed.
6. RUB his ears
Russia is a cold place, so that one of the threats for the Russian people - frostbite. Faced with him almost all the ears and nose are white, lose sensitivity, but if you RUB with hands or snow, quickly turn red and then comes the pain. Why so painful? Yes, because our body (sorry for simplification) is a system of tubes and wires, where the first blood vessels and the nerve endings. In the cold pipes freeze, the blood is not circulating (hence the white color), wires dubout, and it all becomes brittle. As we begin to pound. And invincible-break small tubes and wires, causing the body serious damage. Even a bottle of beer, frozen in the freezer, with a sharp transfer of heat can break. And so delicate veins. So - no need to RUB. It is important to slowly warm up. Cool or lukewarm water. Then the effects of frostbite will be not so sad, and pain at the return of the sensitivity is not so strong.
7. Chilly-us
Remember how it used at high temperature - the very hot and chilly. All the body was trembling, I want to go up a warm, warm blanket and warm up. And it went, and it was even warm then, and didn't know what to warm up in this situation don't just harmful and deadly. It's very simple - fever at high (>38) temperature indicates only one. That the temperature continues to rise and the body overheats. He needs cooling, and we are instead left in place become warmer, covered with blankets, strangled heaters. As a result of personal thermos, in which the body is heated stronger and stronger. In the saddest cases, the temperature flew the mark 41, and then went irreversible processes, leading to death. Not often, but sometimes. So remember - when high temperature and chills no need to bundle up. It is necessary to cool a Cool bath, a light blanket, wet rubbing. anything, just to give the body a chance to dump excess heat. Be sure - so the heat will be transferred and will be much easier.
8. Bank with potassium permanganate
Now. Did you know parents that the crystals are completely dissolved manganese in water only at a temperature of about 70 degrees? Would they know what bodyazhit this solution is not simply meaningless (optional drink antiseptics order to immediately give them back), but dangerous, as nerastvorim crystal of potassium permanganate may be made in the mucous membrane of the stomach a lot of troubles? No need to waste time and chemicals to clean the stomach enough to drink 3-5 glasses of plain warm water and induce vomiting.
9. Knock-pochopien
The man choked the poor guy, and cough so that heart screamed. What do people? Of course, help him knock on the back. But why do they do it? From a scientific point of view such attacks even more annoying place where there is a foreign body, pojavivshejsja enhanced cough reflex and not caught in the throat piece flies itself. Now imagine a drain pipe. Throw back the cat (it is clear, though, we're not sadists what) and begin to knock on the tube stick (virtual). What do you think, what is the probability that the cat will be out of the top of the pipe? So it is with our piece - in ninety-nine cases people will otkashlatsa. And here in one piece will fall deeper into the respiratory tract with all the consequences from the necessity for the intervention of a doctor to death from respiratory failure. So - no need to knock. Even if requested. Much easier and safer to calm the man and ask him to take several slow, very slow breaths and sharp exhalations. When the exhalations better lean forward slightly - that - be our drain pipe from a vertical position shifted in the horizontal. Three or four such breath and expectoration skyrocket. The piece will fly by itself, simply and safely.
10. Unclench his teeth
This is probably the most common and most legendary misunderstanding that seriously believe millions of Russians. This unshakable belief that the man who had an epileptic seizure, it is necessary to unclench his teeth and paste between them something. Beauty! And insert after trying at least. And epileptics then, recovering himself, surprised to see that mouth they scored plastic from gnawed pens (at best) or fragments of own teeth (at worst). So: don't! Not paite man in the mouth that got him so hard. It will only make worse. Because the justify such actions well-wishers? The fact that people in a fit can bite my tongue. Three times "ha"! So you knew at the time of the attack all the muscles are in good shape. Including language, which among other things also the muscle. He strained and therefore will not tumble out of his mouth and will not fall between the teeth. The maximum will be pricesin the tip. Blood a little, but mingled with saliva foamed, it creates the appearance of unprecedented destruction and heated myths about bitten off languages. In General, do not climb you with their knives-forks-spoons. If you really want to help, kneel at the head of epileptic and try to hold her head hit the ground. Such attacks are much more dangerous hypothetical all cut up language. And when the active phase of the attack will be held convulsions over, - gently turn the person to one side as he came the second phase - sleep. He may not last long, but still in this condition, the muscles are relaxed and therefore there is a potential to suffocate from zapadenia language.
Such are the harsh realities of our unsafe life. Preferably very well them to learn, it is no wonder that major medical law is: "do No harm! " And the laws it would be nice to follow - will be healthier.
Author:
Boiko I., lifeguard
Source:
1-I
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