How to protect yourself and family from an overdose of ultraviolet radiation? What rules must be observed, being in the sun? How to choose sunscreen? What are UV filters, what is SPF, how to calculate the SPF? We answer all these questions with expert advice and a desire to help their readers.Types of ultraviolet radiation
All UV spectrum of rays is divided into three types: UVA, UVB and UVC. Unlike ultraviolet light, which is absorbed by the ozone layer, ultraviolet a and ultraviolet light In freely affect our skin, destroying the cell membrane, causing the formation of free radicals, damaging DNA molecules. Under their influence the skin loses its elasticity, becomes dry, aging.
UVB in small doses causes sunburn, large - sunburn. UFA are insidious - just don't leave any visible traces, but deeply prinia in the skin, provoke, after some time, the appearance of age spots, moles, freckles, make the skin less elastic and supple, dry and rough, causing aging.
The protection factor sun
Most likely you've seen on the label of your favorite cream or sunscreen this mysterious abbreviation SPF. Sun Protection Factor (Engl.) factor sun protection, showing the effectiveness of sunscreen products and telling you how much time you can spend in the sun in complete safety.
The higher the SPF, the more protection offers cosmetic. Our skin begins to redden after 7-10 minutes of sun exposure. If before this body to apply the product with an SPF of 15, while safe sunbathing will increase 15 times and will be 105 minutes (at least).
Largest SPF all sunscreens are divided into:
- Products with a low degree of protection (SPF 2-5),
Tools medium (SPF 6-11),
Tools with a high degree (SPF 12-19)
Tools with a very high degree (SPF 20 or higher).
In order to prevent negative effects of UV radiation on the skin, you must use sunscreen cosmetics with UV filters.
Types of ultraviolet (UV) filters
UV filters: physical and chemical
Physical UV-filters
Physical (mineral or barrier) - microparticles minerals, reflecting the sun's rays. Mineral pigments (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) create a unique protective shield on the skin and are considered the most secure (recommended for children)- they do not cause allergies and irritation, are not absorbed by the skin, remaining on its surface.
Products containing only physical filters, not waterproof (washed off after a few bathing) and often have a protection factor of 20 units (SPF 20). When a large value - give the skin a whitish color.
Chemical UV-filters
Chemical (organic) are substances (synthesized), absorbing the sun's rays, entering with them into the reaction and preventing their penetration into the skin. Cinnamate, salicylate, benzophenone, and others - they are so designated on the packaging sunscreen.
Chemical filters are very effective, providing high SPF values: from 25 units and above. Stable in water, not leaving the body whitish streaks. But in some cases can cause allergies in people with sensitive skin and children.
Using funds from organic UV filters, you must remember that they begin to act immediately after application to the body, but only in 30 minutes!
Natural UV filters
In addition to these filters, part sun protectors also include additives of plant origin - natural UV filters.
Natural UV filters are: peach and sesame oil, Shea butter, rosehip oil, wheat germ oil, pumpkin seed oil, jojoba oil and almond, castor and olive oil, walnut oil.
The oil is not very effective, protects against UV radiation. But, acting in combination with vitamin E and chemical and/or physical filters, they significantly increase the sun protection factor of any cosmetic products, making your skin less sensitive to the effects of the sun's rays, supports the smooth shade (tan) leather.
Add in the formulation of sunscreen chamomile, calendula, aloe, red grapes, rose hips, green tea, avocado (i.e., natural antioxidants helps to fight the negative effects of UV - moisturize, soften, nourish the skin, helping it to adapt to the effects of UV rays and without any consequences for sunbathing (relieve inflammation, soothe and provide a light cooling effect).
The fans aromatherapy offer to prepare sunscreen mixture, use carrot oil (seed). This ester (oil "sun") has sunscreen properties. I recommend it in combination with walnut oil and sesame oil.
Protects from the sun a mixture of castor oil and sunflower oil (1:1).
But if the oils effectively in a wooded and mountainous terrain, it's absolutely not enough of the sea! Sea-air combined with the solar rays reflected from the water surface) severely dry out the skin.
How to choose sunscreen
The choice of the tread depends on several factors: skin phototype (light-skinned people are more susceptible to UV radiation, burn faster, they need a high protection factor), solar activity (given the time of year), time of day, latitude, clouds.
For example, for exploring the city sufficient funds with an SPF of 15-20 (for blondes - not below 20-25).
- If you are often in the country, love to swim in the local lake, in these cases, the SPF should be at least 20 units.
- If you are planning a trip to the South, to protect from the burning sun, you need to take the product with SPF in 25-40 units (for light-skinned 30-50).
In addition to SPF values on the packaging of cosmetic products may contain more protection UVA UVB", "UVA/UVB" or "UVA/UVB "from UVB and UVA filters," and so on, which means that the tool has a wide range of protection, at the same time neutralizing the ultraviolet rays a and B.
When choosing a sunscreen necessarily look at its composition! Check the list of its active ingredients (see "Types of ultraviolet (UV) filters").
Select the brand of sunscreen
Most cosmetic brands luxury" produces a sunscreen with the most effective UV filters. Lancôme Sôleil DNA Guard (ingredients: Mexoryl XL, octocrylene, titanium dioxide, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane or avobenzone and Mexoryl SX). Sun Care from Lancaster to successfully combine filters octocrylene avobenzone.
Cosmetics sold in pharmacies, also provides a fairly good products. For example, La Roche-Posay - gamma Anthélios (there are products for children, containing everything necessary to protect the filters (SPF 20-50).
Vichy Capital Soleil offers its consumers (adults with sensitive skin, children) means for protection against UV radiation, containing Mexoryl SX titanium dioxide.
RoC complements his line MINESOL 4 products with moderate and high SPF. UV filters of this cosmetics include photostable filters and a combination of absorbing UVA (Uvinul A Parsol 1789).
From cosmetics not to mention the following products: Ambre Solaire from Garnier and L'oréal Paris Solar Expertise. From sprays and lotions with an SPF of 20 to 50, the means of these two brands have modern UV filters (titanium dioxide, octocrylene, avobenzone, Mexoryl SX, Mexoryl XL) and sold at a reasonable price.
Nivea also produces good-quality cosmetics, which contains the necessary protective filters against UVA and UVB.
Among the ingredients of baby creams from Bubchen in addition to filters, herbal supplements and vitamins present panthenol, which successfully accelerates the regeneration of cells, i.e. the healing process. Chicco have included the recipe Corallin-extract of sea coral algae that protects the skin from the harmful effects of infrared radiation (IR protection). Gardex Baby provides comprehensive protection - acts as a repellent (protection from mosquitoes) and has SPF 16.
How to apply sunscreen
RUB sunscreen should not be. Sunscreen lotion or cream must remain on the skin to absorb or reflect and disperse the sun's rays before, as they penetrate the skin and hurt her. So apply sunscreen evenly and thick, every 1, 5 - 2 hours continuously resume his protection, especially after swimming.
Finally
Even if you use a powerful cosmetic, do not forget about the simple rules of safety. To protect the head from overheating sure to wear a hat. For protection of eyes from UV rays, wear sunglasses. Do not go to the beach from 11 to 16 hours when the sun is most appreciated. This rule is especially necessary to comply with fair-skinned people and children.
May the summer bring you only positive emotions, and the sun is the only safe and tan!
Beauty test: sunscreen
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