Your child is first class, with good vision and healthy eyes. The question is: who is responsible for the fact that eleven school years, his eyes were as keen? The answer to this question is quite simple: none. School teacher - this is the main provider of visual and mental overload is in no way obligated to take care of your baby's health. As for the ophthalmologist from the polyclinic, he is to accept your child is allocated an equal score of 6 minutes (these are the official rules). Besides, as you know, the doctor's visit, the procedure is not pleasant, so the doctor usually apply only when the disease is already running, irreversible.
Almost half of high school graduates in varying degrees, suffer from myopia, but not because it is difficult to protect children from myopia, but because it makes absolutely no one does. Probably not least there is a widespread idea that myopia - it's nothing - just his spectacles on his nose, a kind of harmless cosmetic defect, which can be easily co-exist.
Meanwhile, myopia - the thing is not harmless, and every short-sighted people it knows very well. Just suffering, which it is subjected, is not one of those which was loud to discuss on the people. What is the shock that is felt by the child when he learns that he is now " four - eyes! In groups of children manners simple and rough. Wear glasses there are beings inferior, like adults or not. Myopia causes a disastrous blow to self-esteem, promotes closeness, care in itself. In addition, myopia leads to sudden loss of health is down to the fact that for each read a book, every few hours spent at the computer, you have to pay headaches and further deterioration of vision.
Take a look at our social elite, take a look at the presidents of other countries! Many of them short-sighted people? But they there is almost there! Even among scientists, Nobel prize winners, they do not often meet. Myopia is a very serious obstacle for a great career, no matter what sphere of human activity she did. Internal "powder" in short-sighted people usually enough only to conscientiously fulfill other people's orders. They make good librarians and programmers (though from books and computers from them hurts the eyes).
I think that only a deep inner desperation causes people to go to extreme measure for laser vision correction. Although for promotional purposes, this procedure is often called "the treatment", no relation to the health of the eyes it is not. The patient simply cut off a piece of the cornea is cut off from it a suitable lens and again prizeplay back. The meaning of all this risky surgery is purely cosmetic. It is only in the fact that the lens becomes invisible from the outside. However, this is unlikely to help an adult to significantly raise self-esteem, because his character already formed and established, and the children of such operations, the glory of God until you do.
However, to prevent myopia from the very beginning - it is technically simple and does not require a lot of knowledge in ophthalmology. Myopia is, in fact, pathological deformation of the eyeball. What this is called deformation - this ophthalmologists and do not know. One thing is clear: myopia does not occur overnight. First, there is the so-called spasm of accommodation. In the eye there is a special accommodative muscle, responsible for steering sharpness. When she relaxed, eyes is configured to vision. When she is tense, his eyes began to close. Such a reconfiguration is performed automatically, without willful human intervention.
Prolonged stress accommodative muscle causes it to spasm - that it can no longer fully relax. As a consequence, the vision is deteriorating. But this is not the myopia in the full sense of the word, because the eyeball remains - yet! - unde. Only if you do not pay attention to spasm of accommodation and to continue loading the eyes close, then a few weeks or even months in the eye will begin to undergo irreversible changes and develop a true myopia. (Forgive me specialist ophthalmologists extreme simplicity of presentation. The essence of this informality does not change.)
As long as the next spasm is not gone, you can still improve. Once you remove spasm and normal vision is fully restored. If at this moment to be at the reception at fair ophthalmologist, he will not prescribe glasses, and will prescribe a course of atropinization. Atropine is poison nerve, which blocks the transmission of nerve impulses from the brain to the accommodative muscle. Thus, the muscle kinda gets the rest and eventually regains the ability to relax. (Recently, in addition to atropine appeared and other drugs of similar action.)
Hence clearly follows a simple program of action guaranteed to prevent myopia. You need only to regularly check the eyesight of students, to identify accommodation spasm and immediately to fix it. The question is, how often to conduct such checks.
According to official recommendations, to be checked by an ophthalmologist should once a year. It is easy to understand, where did this figure. It is calculated on the basis of those budget funds allocated for the health of the population. An optometrist need to walk it once a year because he already overloaded with work and make you more likely he will still not be able.
Myopia develops according to its own laws, not related to the budget. One year spasm of accommodation has enough time to be reborn into a pathological deformation of the eyeball, and to turn that around is impossible.
The solution to this situation is very simple. Parents can themselves become a little optometrists and learn the simple art of vision screening in children. In fact, to learn there is nothing. Anyone who has ever been on the receiving oculist, knows how it's done. This requires a test table. Once it was a large deficit, and it is now freely available to buy in store, medical equipment or take on the Internet (http://nekin.narod.ru/siv/siv.htm). It should be hung on the wall and good lighting. People with perfect vision are able to see clearly the tenth row of the table from a distance of five meters. The test is carried out for each eye separately, with the other eye it is possible to cover, for example, a hand composed "boat".
However, there is nothing mystical in this table no. It is believed that eyes with visual acuity of one hundred percent able to see separately the two remote points, if the rays drawn from the eye to these points form an angle of one-sixtieth of a degree. It is easy to calculate that if a point removed from the eyes of five meters, then the distance between them should be 1, 45 mm this is the gap between the sticks of the letters "W" and "B" in the tenth line of the checklist. These letters are five times more, i.e., about seven millimeters. Therefore, strictly speaking, a table is not needed. Vision can be controlled and letters, written in felt pen by hand, provided that they have approximately the correct size.
If we are not talking about the kids-first-graders, and older children and poonamallee, then they can be taught to check their eyesight alone. This verification takes literally a few seconds. Just a child must ensure that each eye separately, he is able to clearly distinguish three vertical sticks on the letter "W" and three horizontal sticks the letter "B" (visual acuity vertically and horizontally can be, generally speaking, is not the same).
Obviously, this is not a procedure, which necessarily requires the participation of qualified doctors and have to wait a whole year. How often has the sense to carry it out? In my opinion, it should be done every day. Spasm of accommodation should be identified almost immediately as soon as it appeared. Then get rid of it will not be easy. You just need to give the eyes a rest, and the spasm will pass by itself.
I suspect that at this point the reader may be wondering: can it all be so simple? After all, hundreds of millions of people on the planet suffer from myopia, and here, it turns out that these pains can be so easy to prevent!
Perhaps I should make one stipulation. If you consider only "technical" side of things, then Yes, everything is very easy and simple. However, if we take into account also a social component, then there are complications. I love to draw Parallels between myopia and alcoholism. After all, alcoholism is also a serious and incurable disease, which, from a purely "technical" point of view, fantastically easy to avoid. To do this, just simply you should not drink alcoholic beverages. But try to convince people not to drink! Also with myopia: it is one thing to specify a simple way to protect themselves from it, and quite another to implement this method in the culture of human behavior (as once happened with washing hands and brushing teeth).
Still it was about fundamental things. Below are some "technical" details.
Many parents teach children to read books and put them behind the computer before it is time to lead them in school. Simultaneously, it would be to take action against myopia. However, toddlers-preschoolers (as, indeed, first-graders), people still unconscious: it is unlikely they will be able without assistance punctually to keep your vision. Have parents to arrange verification itself, as it is done by ophthalmologists with their patients, that is, to show a letter and ask them to call.
The problem here is that the testing table very quickly be learned by heart. So check the vision in preschoolers (and children) should not on the table, and the cards on which are written the same letter. These cards are each time in a random order, so the control will be made for seeing, not for memory. Cards are easy to make yourself, but you can get on the web and they are from the same link that validation table (http://nekin.narod.ru/siv/siv.htm).
However, it should be borne in mind that the usual objects are recognized much easier than unusual. Even when the child instead of the letter sees some wreathed cloud, he is already aware of this cloud often can correctly be called a letter. Therefore, if during the daily checks it with five meters correctly interpret the letter of the standard size (as in the tenth row of the checklist), it does not guarantee that he has absolute vision. For greater certainty, it is necessary either to reduce the size of the control letters, or increase the distance to them. No official rules on this case, of course, is not provided, so you have to rely on your own instincts.
In addition, absolute vision - the concept is very conditional. In reality, most people with healthy eyes see better than one hundred percent. The size of the letters and the distance to them should be selected in such a way that the letters were barely distinguishable. If the child was always a sight to two hundred percent (that is, he could discern the letters, which is two times less than required by the standard), and suddenly his eyes fell to one hundred percent, then it is a reason to take action.
Blurred vision, if it happened, does not occur gradually, but abruptly (spasm either exists or it does not). With regular checks not notice this jump is impossible. But let's say the trouble has occurred. Yesterday the child named all the letters correctly, and now is confused and makes a lot of mistakes. In that case to do?
First, it makes sense to find out what exactly the lesson the child has led to eyestrain. Maybe he "outlasted" for lessons or too absorbed in reading a book? Doesn't know arisen spasm of some specific pain in the eyes? Such things it would be good to track immediately to prevent their recurrence in the future.
Then, for the next few days the eyes you just have to provide the rest is down to the fact that the release of the child from all homework and keep him in school. But you can do some special exercises.
First of all, by itself, the procedure checks the cards really helps bring the eye to normal - after all, it is very powerfully activates the sight in the distance. Only now do the "reading" the cards have not two or three minutes, as in routine control, and at least fifteen or twenty minutes. "Irresponsible" kids have further stimulated - for example, to emphasize that they cannot much longer watch TV until they can correctly identify all the letters.
As for older children and poonamallee, their attention can be paid to the following curious thing. It turns out that distant objects become visible worse, not because the image is blurred, as in the defocused camera, but because it doubles. This ghosting effect is quite weak and usually not conspicuous, but it is easy to see, if you look at some very contrasting subject - for example, on a bright Crescent moon in the night sky.
At our house this very contrast of the subject are glowing numbers on the scoreboard VCR (when the room is dark). I give to the children about this statement: "Rise of about a meter away from the recorder, and cover one eye with his hand. Look at the glowing numbers and depart slowly back. The first time the numbers will be clearly visible, but at some point from the main image will come one more pale, like a shadow, only this shade is not dark, and bright. Here stop and look better. Notice that the shadow is not in place. Sometimes it gets pushed farther away from the main image, and sometimes moves closer. This process can as if to control consciously. Some effort can this shade and is put in place to merge with the main image, even if just for a couple of seconds".
This, in fact, is the essence of the exercise is to catch the "shadow" from the contrasting items and try to "put" it back. At first it will be difficult and long, but with time it will get easier and easier until "shadow" will not cease to appear at all.
Promptly identified spasm removed without any problems, so a visit to the ophthalmologist will likely not will need.
In conclusion, I will mention more about how you can set whether your child is at risk of myopia. For this you just need to measure, at what minimum distance he is able to see clearly each eye separately. If this distance is within 10 cm, it means that the accommodative muscle is strong enough, and when reading the book at a distance of 30 cm it will not overwork (this, however, does not mean that the eye can shamelessly rape). If this distance exceeds 10 cm, then you should be especially vigilant. However, accommodative muscle, like any other, can be "pumped". Exercise to pump the accommodative muscle is to translate the look from some distant object on the middle and back every few seconds.
Let our children will never know what is myopia!
Source:
The family site
No comments:
Post a Comment