For growing geraniums soil should be nutrient suitable mixture of equal parts of garden land, peat and sand. The same good soil and for sowing seed geraniums. When grown in the gardens of geraniums prefer well-drained soil. In the autumn of geranium dig and pass in the pot. When growing geraniums in pots mandatory good drainage to avoid water stagnation in the roots. Periodically the soil in the pots should be loosened, it allows access of air to the roots and prevents root rot.
2.WATERING THE GERANIUMS
Geranium requires regular and abundant watering in spring and summer and moderate watering in winter, as in low vegetation root system is easy to fill. Geraniums do not require spraying and washing the leaves. It belongs to the category of those plants that are better dried than strain. All geraniums there is the ability to store water, so they are considered shoshonie. When watering is necessary to ensure the discharge of excess water to prevent waterlogging. If geranium receives more water than it needs, its leaves and flowers change their appearance. When excessive watering even if the foliage is good, geranium may not bloom.
3.THE SIZE OF POTS OF GERANIUMS
Geranium grown in pots or boxes. The size of the pots choose the size of the root system. The pot should not be too large in this case, you cannot control the growth of plants and to form the desired height. In a small potted geranium blossoms better, the flowers will be more beautiful and bright, and spacious pots well developed shrub, but blossoms worse. For young shrubs pick up the pot small in size, because the roots of geranium small. Flower pots change on large only when the old geranium is clearly closely. If the pot is large, you can put it two or three cuttings. The pots of geraniums can be plastic or baked clay, but in plastic pots, the soil dries out slower, and therefore more likely to be exposed to rotting of the roots, while clay pots good moisture and air. The optimum diameter of the pot for one plant 12-14 cm and 22-25 cm for three or more plants in one pot. The height of the pot 10-15 cm. The smaller the pot, the smaller the plant (especially important for geraniums grown from seeds).
4.THE PINCHING OF GERANIUMS
Increased branching, the formation of the Bush and the crown of geraniums is achieved by pinched. The pinching is done by 8-10 sheet, if the plant is grown from cuttings, and 6-8 worksheet if geraniums are grown from seeds. When it is removed a growth point. In some cases, require re-pinching. There are two ways of forming the hive. If after pinched new shoots began to grow from rhizomes, and from the axils of the upper leaves, you must delete them. Leave only axillary shoots below the upper pairs of leaves. Or another way is to give these upper axillary shoots grow and after two or three pairs of leaves to Presidnet again. The pinching of geraniums produce in February-March. Although the pinching and increases branching and therefore increases the number of colors, it delays flowering geraniums.
5.PRUNING GERANIUMS
In late February - early March geranium wakes up. During this period in the spring it is necessary to form the crown, for which the old and large stems cut off, leaving on each escape 2-5 kidneys. Cut the stems are used for grafting. Unwanted cropping of geraniums and cuttings in December-January, as it is the most difficult period in the life of the plant. Pruning in the fall leads to the appearance of a young, sickly seedlings, which weakens the plant and it may die during the winter. Usually geranium in the room grows rapidly, forming discolored elongated shoots in early spring to be cut. To get a good Bush geranium is useful to bear in summer in the open air. Pruning and pinching, delays flowering geraniums.
6.APPLICATION OF GERANIUMS
Geranium comments positively on mineral and organic fertilization. In the period of active growth apply top dressing of mineral mixtures or liquid fertilizers. In the flowering period use fertilizer that contains more phosphorus and potassium than nitrogen. Such fertilizers stimulate flowering. If you want to get rich greens, apply fertilizer with a high content of nitrogen. Feeding is carried out once a week from late spring to early autumn. If the geranium was breaking in a new land the mixture, it is usually feeding begins three months after transplantation, when the earth will be exhausted.
7. PLANTING GERANIUMS
Geraniums grown from seed, blooms much more abundant than that which is propagated by cuttings. The plant can bloom up to 30 inflorescences. These geraniums are more resistant to low humidity, less sick. Planting geraniums produced in January-February in seedling pots or bowls. Land for sowing pre-pour boiling water and a dark solution of potassium permanganate. The seeds are laid on damp ground, lightly cover with soil for planting and sprinkle with growth stimulator. The bowl is covered with glass or plastic. Crops must be kept in humidified condition. Pour carefully so that seeds are not left in the depth, otherwise it will not germinate. Seedling bowls with the emerging seedlings should be aired daily, lifting the glass or film and removing the condensate. The time of seed germination 7-14 days, undesirable fluctuations in temperature over the range of 20-24 degrees. When the seedlings appear, 2-4 true leaves, seedlings dives. At the same time, to prevent stem rot, you need to plant at the same depth at which they grew up before. The seedlings are grown at a temperature of 16-18 degrees in a light room, moderately fertilized. After 6-8 weeks the plants are transplanted into another pot. Flowering occurs in mid-summer.
8.CUTTINGS OF GERANIUMS
Often geranium propagated by cuttings is the fastest way to get a flowering plant. Besides seeds, obtained from hybrid geraniums, does not reproduce exactly all the qualities of the parent forms. So more often use cuttings, which guarantees the safety of varieties, additionally, the plants begin to flower soon after rooting. When planting seeds the period before flowering longer. Cuttings root in February-March and July-August. During the breeding season cuttings related to the fact that the rooting of cuttings worse when the air temperature is above 25 degrees (cold summer can be propagated in the whole vegetation period). Best resume geranium, cutting off the apical shoot for rooting with 2-3 leaves and a length of 5-7 cm. After pruning cuttings podvalivaet in the shade during the day, to prevent rotting of cuttings slice dipped in crushed coal, and then planted in a light mixture, deepening their 2-3 cm and contain at a temperature of 20-22 degrees. Land mixture must contain sand not less than one third or one quarter. Pre-land mixture scald and pour the dark solution of potassium permanganate. First irrigation is abundant, then pour rarely and not sprayed, as excessive moisture can lead to rotting of cuttings. Unlike most plants, cuttings of geraniums planted in rooting, no need to cover, it gives a negative effect. Rooting cuttings is approximately the month. Best rooting cuttings in plastic cups 0, 2 l. Transplant into a pot 9-11 cm carried out in the presence of roots around the perimeter of the Cup. Plants grown from cuttings, cut in March, bloom in mid-summer, cut in August - will bloom in the spring.
9.DISEASES AND PESTS OF GERANIUMS
The most common disease of geraniums - blackleg. It is a disease of stem cuttings, the base of the cutting blackens due to fungal attack. This cutting immediately remove. The cause of the disease black leg is waterlogging of the soil or its seal, preventing drainage. To prevent disease black leg, you must use sterilized soil. To keep the variety you can try to RESTARTCOUNT plant. The lack of light, excessive humidity and excessive watering the geraniums possible rot root collar and roots may appear pests - aphids and whiteflies. To avoid this, geraniums need to provide favorable conditions (light, cool winters with rare watering). The geraniums when transferring plants from open ground or balcony in the house can turn yellow leaves. After acclimatization to the new environment yellowing leaves stops. Yellowing leaves may failure to comply with conditions of winter maintenance, as well as in common fungal disease - rust. When rust leaf geraniums are covered with yellowish spots, and then wither. Currently, there are drugs that protect plants from fungal and bacterial infections. Disease of geraniums - lodging seedlings is caused by fungi that infect the roots and the base of the stems of seedlings, plants fall. To prevent lodging of seedlings seeds should be sown in sterilized soil and not too wet it.
10.TRANSPLANTATION OF GERANIUMS
Young geraniums every year or every two years should be transplanted. Do it in the spring before growth. The pot should be small, otherwise it will greatly develop leafy shoots and the plant will not bloom. If geraniums are planted in the balcony boxes (after spring frosts), the distance between them made 20-25cm. If the geraniums were growing in the garden, autumn, dig them up and passes into the pot. If it is not possible to transplant plants, it is possible to annually replace the top layer of the earth without the transplant plants. In the third year plant life it is better to replace young, grown from cuttings. Cuttings rooted in August, leave for the winter without reloading. In March-April of their passes in the 9-11 inch pots. If the geraniums growing in the garden, autumn, before the frost, it enters the house. The plants are pruned roots and place in a pot with good drainage. Shoot tips of plants cut off.
11.LIGHTING
If there is not sufficient lighting, geranium reduces its bloom, its leaves and flowers lose their brightness. If the geranium is in the room behind the glass, direct sunlight is harmful, they can cause a burn, but on the street in the open sun geranium easy transfers. In winter geraniums necessary illumination by fluorescent lamps or picolinate.
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