How to conceive and give birth to a healthy babyAny person who has already become a parent or only waiting for this joyous event, more than anything else wants one thing - that his child was born healthy. However, not always this wish comes true. What to do - and most babies exposed to serious illnesses, and even about the possibility of any congenital disorders and diseases do not want to say. But it is necessary! Many of them can be prevented, to withdraw from a small fragile creatures long before his birth! And parents should be worried about this in advance - as soon as you decide to have a baby".
Preparing for pregnancy should begin before conception. Unfortunately, many couples, especially young ones, neglect, family planning, believe that everything will turn out that nature will help... Alas, no help. Human nature is unable to cope with the many adverse effects of the loads and shocks that occur during our time on the body of the "average person".
This is especially true for residents of large cities: from the point of view of the ecology of cities is not the best place to stay and urban lifestyle leads to a constant, chronic stress, overload of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, physical inactivity, poor nutrition. And after all this affects not only our health, but also on the development of our children even before their birth.
Yes and for their health we are often not too closely, do not pay attention to many of the symptoms until they become quite obvious - and, as a consequence, in a latent or chronic form of "wearable" in itself many of the diseases that may not be the best way to affect the status of the unborn child.
Examination before pregnancy
Based on the foregoing, during planning pregnancy should try best to eliminate all possible deviations and violations - both in the external environment and the health of the parents (and both! ) - that conception occurred normally, and the pregnancy was uneventful, and in the future must be examined.
If you decide to have a baby, do not be afraid and ashamed of examination before pregnancy! Before conception, as soon as it was decided that the family should receive little man, you need to take care of it. For a start, the expectant mother should consult a gynecologist, it is desirable to ensure that it regularly monitors and better other professionals aware of potential individual deviations and problems.
Most likely, this same doctor will have to come and spouse: need a detailed survey of the parents, to assess the state of their health and heredity. In some cases, you may need to consult other specialists therapist, neurologist, ophthalmologist, cardiologist... and, of course, is quite detailed and thorough examination of the spouses.
The most attention is definitely paid to the health of the future mother. To eliminate possible defects and abnormal development of the genital organs, shown gynecologist examination, to check for cancer - examination of the thyroid and mammary glands, smear Cytology, in doubtful cases a more thorough examination.
Regular inspection in our time should be complemented with ultrasound investigation (USI), which woman it is best to go after the critical days - in the first phase of the menstrual cycle.
Infection affecting fetus
The number of infections, carriers which can be both the father and mother that can occur in a latent form and cause fetal death or the occurrence of congenital malformations. All viruses and microorganisms can be divided into unconditional infectious agents that can cause intrauterine infection of the fetus, and the conditional, whose role in the development of this disorder has not been proven.
Most often the following pathogens: viruses (herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus infection, rubella, Coxsackie (enterovirus), hepatitis b and C, adenovirus, HIV infection); bacteria (chlamydia, Treponema, Listeria, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella); protozoa (Toxoplasma, Plasmodium malaria); fungi of the genus Candida (causing thrush).
But not always the detection of microorganisms in the tissues of the fetus leads to the development of any infringement is merely increases the risk of adverse changes. Thus, even among women who underwent during pregnancy infectious disease, it can be born a healthy baby.
There are two main ways of transmission of infection from mother to fetus: with blood through the placenta and through an infected sexual ways of the woman. To child transmission requires not only the presence of infection in the mother, but also a large number of microorganisms that usually happens in acute infectious or severe exacerbation of chronic infection during pregnancy. But even in this case the baby is not always ill.
Rubella
The most dangerous is the rubella virus, as it almost always is transferred to the fetus and cause serious damage. Most often congenital rubella causes a concomitant to the development of cataracts, deafness and heart disease. In some cases, there are violations of the blood, inflammation of the lungs, physical underdevelopment.
The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets, the source of infection is usually sick children, so expectant mother should avoid such contacts. The most dangerous to the fetus is infected during early pregnancy (up to 5 weeks), because at this time the greater the likelihood of development of congenital malformations. Rubella manifests itself and spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and newborn death.
If a woman had rubella in childhood or did her vaccinated for the health of the baby, do not worry - the immune system will not allow the development of infection. In all other cases as quickly as possible to hand over a blood on antibodies to a rubella. If the pregnancy is planned, as prophylaxis for several months before conception should get vaccinated and take control analysis on antibodies to confirm the presence of immunity.
Cytomegalovirus
The second danger is cytomegalovirus infection, airborne and sexually. The worst option is infected pregnant from a sick person with an acute form of infection, because the lack of antibodies in the mother's body allows the virus to penetrate freely through the placenta and harm the fetus.
If before conception the woman was infected with the pathogen cytomegaly, and during pregnancy have developed an exacerbation of the disease, existing antibodies weaken the virus, which reduces the possibility of penetration through the placenta and negative effects on the fetus.
While infecting the baby during early pregnancy, the chances of spontaneous abortion or fetal anomalies. If the infection occurred at a later date, often develop polyhydramnios, premature birth and congenital cytomegalic inclusion disease" of the newborn. For such a child is characterized by enlargement of the liver and spleen, jaundice, anemia, severe lesions of the Central nervous system, eyes and hearing.
As prophylaxis for CMV infection may be advisable to avoid contact with patients in the acute stage.
Herpes
The least dangerous among viral infections is the herpes virus, as the probability of infection of the child and development of any abnormalities in this case is small. Serious situation can only be regarded as an aggravation of genital herpes in the mother, after the 32nd week of pregnancy.
If the doctors confirmed the presence of acute, often resort to caesarean section, the baby is not infected during passage through the birth canal. For your own peace of mind in early pregnancy can pass the test for detection of herpes simplex virus.
Flu
About the dangers of influenza viruses for pregnant women says quite a few, although the infection can lead to serious consequences. Dangerous is not the virus itself, and its complications in the kidney, cardiovascular and immune systems. The most unpleasant thing is a threat of miscarriage or premature birth. In addition, after the flu is much easier to become infected with pneumococcal or staphylococcal infection.
The most serious consequences of influenza in the early stages of fetal development up to 12 weeks, when the tab and the development of vital organs and systems. Hence the conclusion about the necessity of improving immunity mom: hardening, vitamins and nutritious food.
Toxoplasmosis
Of bacterial infections the greatest danger to the health of the pregnant woman and her baby is toxoplasmosis. Infected with this infection through infected meat or contact with a cat ( usually ). If a woman before pregnancy suffered this disease, immunity remains for life.
The danger of toxoplasmosis increases with gestational age. Infection in the first trimester, most likely, will not lead to any consequences. In the second trimester probability of congenital toxoplasmosis increases to 20% of the pathogens accumulate in the brain, affect the eyes and the Central nervous system of the fetus. The most frequent consequence of increased intracranial pressure, mental retardation, epilepsy and blindness. In the third trimester the risk of disease is 50-60 %.
And yet toxoplasmosis is not an absolute indication for termination of pregnancy. If the tests are normal, and ultrasound does not reveal an organic changes, then everything is in order. As prevention pregnant women should avoid contact with cats and eat only well-cooked meat.
Other infections
Such infectious diseases as candidiasis ( thrush ), Dardenelles, mycoplasmosis, Trichomonas, chlamydia and listeriosis can also be dangerous for mother and fetus, as in severe increase the risk of spontaneous miscarriage and dead birth. However, timely diagnosis and adequate treatment are quickly resolved and do not leave traces. It is important to take the necessary tests and consult with your doctor.
Prevention of disorders of the child
If the couple already had problems or unsuccessful pregnancy, leading to miscarriages, premature birth, birth of sick children, etc., so the spouses requires special attention and a more thorough examination with a detailed analysis, genetic counseling and ultrasound at different stages of the menstrual cycle to determine the state of the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium).
With the onset of pregnancy, even a perfectly healthy woman must be repeated many studies and consultations in order to identify in advance possible violations and deviations. Already delayed menstruation in 7-10 days an ultrasound can determine the size of the ovum and its location in the uterus.
After another two weeks the mother must pass a comprehensive examination with a GP, dentist, ENT. The next ( and mandatory! ) Ultrasound is assigned at 10-12 weeks of pregnancy it is necessary to exclude pronounced abnormalities in fetal development.
If it is suspected chromosomal abnormalities ( especially common in women older than 35 years ), parents may be asked to conduct a genetic analysis of single cells fetal membranes ( chorion biopsy ). Such a study allows for 2-3 days with a high degree of certainty to exclude a number of serious diseases and disorders in the development of the unborn child.
And, since the period of 20-24 weeks. Ultrasound is already possible to directly monitor the status of the fetus: in the study of visible all its bodies, it is easy to determine the state of the placenta and the blood vessels in the uterus and the umbilical cord, the amount of amniotic fluid and other important figures.
Lifestyle during pregnancy
However, in pregnancy planning includes not only monitoring the health of the parents and the unborn child. It is also necessary to prevent possible violations and deviations, and you can start it for 2 months before conception both parents at the same time ( it was during this time men fully updated stock of sperm ).
If possible, avoid emotional stress and physical fatigue, beware of colds and other "random" diseases, eliminate alcohol and refrain from Smoking ( or at least maximally reduce the number of cigarettes smoked ).
Medication and dietary supplements at this time is only valid when agreed with the doctor, with mandatory with the exception of drugs that are contraindicated for pregnant women.
A pregnant woman should follow proper diet and a healthy lifestyle. Try to eat more fruits and vegetables in the daily diet should be fish or meat is irreplaceable sources of protein, cheese and other dairy products - contained with them calcium is essential for proper formation of the fetus, especially the skeleton and teeth, and to maintain the health of the woman.
You should limit the consumption of sugary and starchy foods dishes ( overweight adversely affects pregnancy ), salt, carbonated drinks ( except salted mineral water, from which it is necessary to remove the excess gas ). Strong tea and coffee create unnecessary strain on the cardiovascular system is much more useful to replace them with juices and fruit drinks from fruits and berries.
Useful in moderate and carefully planned physical activity: "sit up" you can't! To maintain the health of mother and child for childbirth preparation specially developed various exercises and procedures about which you want to consult with leading you by the doctor.
If your city has an indoor pool, go swimming, it prepares for the upcoming stress the muscles of the back, abdomen, pelvis. Many pools there are now special group recreational gymnastics - Aqua aerobics, and a number of complexes designed specifically for women with different stages of pregnancy.
But swimming in open water, unfortunately, have to limit - most of them too great a risk of catching the infection. Please use reasonable care, balance activity with rest, eat properly, regularly ablebits and consult the doctor if all goes well, and your baby will be born healthy!
Source:
MissFit
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