Tooth decay (Caries dentis) is a pathological process in which there is focal demineralization and softening of hard tissue of teeth, followed by the formation of defect in the form of a cavity that appears after the eruption of the teeth.The scale of the disaster
A survey of 27 thousand patients, conducted by the Ukrainian dentists showed:
- 3-year-old children 3-4 tooth affected by caries;
- in 6-year-old children in 50% of cases to replace milk grow carious permanent teeth;
- 12-year-old children caries observed in 60-80% of cases;
- up to 15 years caries is diagnosed in 90% of children and nearly all signs of periodontal disease - bleeding gums, Tartar, periodontal pockets.
Causes of caries
1. The presence in the oral cavity of viruses that cause caries.
2. Long-term preservation of plaque in trudnoozhidaemyh places on the teeth.
3. Frequent consumption of sweets and unbalanced diet.
4. Mineral imbalance drinking water (low levels of fluoride in the water).
5. Cracks of the enamel, resulting in an abrupt change of hot and cold food, damaged hard objects.
6. Genetic predisposition.
7. Overall health: in children with concomitant diseases (rickets, chronic tonsillitis, allergic diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, neurological, and so on), the likelihood of caries increases in 1, 5-2 times.
Proceeding from the whole variety of reasons, caries is regarded as a manifestation of a common disease of the body with lesion of tissue of the tooth, so it is better to call caries "carious disease".
Secondary factors influencing the occurrence of caries
Firstly, the constant chewing teeth often have a natural cavities, which contributes to the accumulation in them of plaque and its contact with exposed dentin. These anatomical features can easily find after visiting the dentist. Immediately after the appearance of the teeth enamel is not strong enough. Only within 2 years after the eruption she becomes stronger and gains strength due to saturation of minerals (calcium, fluoride, etc).
Secondly, the crowding prevents them from cleaning with a toothbrush and during chewing, which leads to development in these areas caries process.
Third, partial dentures, used for the sake of space for the teeth in the dentition and apparatus for correction of a malocclusion of the teeth contribute to the accumulation of food residues, formation of dental plaque and microbial growth.
In perfect hygienic condition of the mouth to support a few children, and the presence of various dental devices in the oral cavity in General complicates this process. Increasing the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity, but within 6-15 weeks after treatment, their number is greatly reduced and is approaching that of children without orthodontic appliances.
Another secondary factor influencing the development of acute caries is the presence of emotional disorders. Patients (children and adults) with acute caries frequently observed depression, fear, protest against family relations, inferiority complex, traumatic school relationships, long-lasting overall stress and anxiety.
Emotional disorders can also cause excessive consumption of sweets or eating between meals, which accelerates the development of caries. Along with this often occurs hyposalivation. Various forms of stress, as in children and adults, as well as medications (tranquilizers, sedatives), taken to combat this condition, reduce salivation, decrease the resistance of the enamel.
In the initial stages of the process flows almost seamlessly and painlessly. However, with the apparent innocence of this disease, in the absence of timely treatment can develop complications, accompanied by intense pain, deterioration of the General condition, the need for complex treatment or tooth.
Untreated carious teeth are foci of chronic infection in the body, their presence leads to the occurrence or exacerbation of diseases of the digestive tract, ENT organs, and other Positive results of treatment of caries in children with concomitant diseases depends not only on quality dental care, and treatment of common diseases.
Bottle caries
In recent years there has been recognition of the fact that the feeding from a bottle at that age when a child should be introduced to solid food, can lead to the development of early and acute caries. The appearance of the teeth in children with early caries 2-4 years typical and has certain characteristics. There is an early caries lesion of the upper front teeth, top and bottom of the first baby molars and lower canines. The lower teeth usually remain intact. When talking with parents usually discover distinctive factor: the child is put to sleep during the day or night and give a bottle of milk or a drink containing carbohydrates. The child falls asleep, and milk (or sweet drink) is poured on the upper front teeth. The liquid containing carbohydrates, represents an excellent growth medium for microorganisms that cause caries. In addition, during sleep, reduced salivation and slow removal of the fluid from the oral cavity. The lactose contained in mother's milk, like cow's milk, has a cariogenic properties, if you long to keep the milk in the mouth.
This usually happens, if you still breastfeeding, because when properly capture breast milk is allocated directly to the root of the tongue of the child, and immediately the baby is swallowing milk, not allowing him to remain in the mouth.
In addition, parents should start brushing your child's teeth as soon as they are teething and substitute feeding baby bottle feeding from a spoon or Cup, what the child can do with birth.
The development of caries at an early age can be prevented by turning to the dentist. This is why the first dental examination of the child must take place within the period from 6 to 12 months of life, when the decay has not yet had time to develop.
Treatment of carious lesions
The first step in combating acute caries - treatment of all carious lesions, as well as the decline in the use of digestible carbohydrates (sweets). Artificially sweetened drinks can harm the teeth, because they contain carboxylic acid.
It is necessary that during the formation of teeth in the child's body has received a sufficient amount of calcium and phosphorus. Often the diet does not fully meet the need of the growing organism in these minerals. Therefore, children in the period of growth and development to strengthen and protect the teeth, it is recommended to take medicines containing calcium and phosphorus, and vitamins a, C, D, improves the absorption of calcium. An example can be drugs such as "Kalinova", "Calcemin", "Kinder-biovitali Gel", "Kiddie of pharmaton" etc.
Good oral hygiene, regular use of the thread to cleanse interdental spaces halved development of approximal caries of deciduous teeth for 20 months.
Without a doubt, the regular use of fluoride is of great importance for control and prevention of dental caries in children and adults.
Curiosocanova action of fluoride has several different mechanisms. In doing organism fluorides are connected with enamel and dentin unerupted teeth, making teeth more resistant after the cutting to the action of acids, which are secreted by microorganisms. In addition, the fluoride comes in saliva and accumulate in dental plaque, reducing the allocation of microorganisms acid and increasing the strength of enamel. Fluorides of saliva also come in enamel just prorezawategosa tooth, increasing its strength, it reduces its susceptibility to caries. Additional exposure to fluoride in the composition of professionally applied solutions and gels, toothpastes and means for rinsing the mouth stimulates all of the above mechanisms. The most effective method of mass caries prevention fluoridation of tap water. Topical application of fluoride shown to the children even in the absence of carious lesions for increasing the fluoride content in enamel just prorezalsya teeth, which increases its resistance to caries. Fluoride varnishes are widely used in Europe and other countries for over 30 years (Fluor Protector, Bifluorid 12).
The earlier a child begins to use fluorides, the higher preventive effect. However, caution must be exercised in the combined use of fluoride, especially in young children, avoid excessive intake of fluoride in the body, as there is a risk of development of dental fluorosis when they overdose. Fluoride should only be used under professional supervision of a dentist.
Successful treatment of dental caries requires a carefully assembled dental and medical history, the use of modern diagnostic tools, adequate restoration, mandatory, appropriate for a given patient-specific prevention programs and regular visits to the dentist.
Author:
Taranets E., dentist
Source:
Family Meridian
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