Why before school is not the most important thing? Practice shows that the child, having physiologically in this age of visual creative thinking, sometimes barely remembers formal things, for example, it is not always easy to learn all twelve months and to remember them "in a row and random". Teach-teach parents and educators, and from him as from a wall peas. But here he went to school and became a daily record date in the notebook, but still the time when the Vacation very memorable, and the summer months are filled with new meaning. So remember the year, all twelve months - the information has ceased to be unnecessary and strange, he about-soil, when soil, made his. So ignorance of months - not a sign of unwillingness to go to school.
But there are things which are fundamental for the school. What?
Phonemic hearing
Children's ear should be able to hear the ringing and the deaf, hard and soft sounds. He should hear what names are Tim and Tom sound t sounds different (soft and hard). The distinction between voiced and deaf, for example g-K is also an indispensable condition that the child wrote correctly: bones and guests. It is this ability will provide literacy.
The psychologist says: "Led on the advice of the girl. The fourth class. Suddenly went solid two in Russian. I checked everything that could be checked, can't find the cause, it is not clear! Listen, look. Suddenly I see - it is in the word Lev writes not in F. And then I began to check her phonemic hearing and found that it does not distinguish between the softness-hardness, reverberation-deafness. It became clear that bad to learn Russian girl was due to the fact that in the fourth grade, sharply increased the load on speed and volume. And she, not having a well-developed phonemic hearing and using rules and memory, just not had time to analyze what we write, and understand which letters you need to write".
And why had she had four-five?
- In the first class was a low rate. And small volumes. She managed. Somehow on simple words and small volumes could handle. Underdevelopment was not obvious, the school speech therapist was not tracked.
To avoid this, take a book Bugrimenko and Zuckerman Read without coercion" everything is written there about the development of the game, including phonemic hearing, and with four years begin to Flex. If there is no book, just play with words. On the way to the store, on a walk, "Dad says" - what paragraph? "The fish child" - what R? "Gentle lion" - what l? And invent, invent their any games with words that will allow you to listen to sounds, feels in them!
The sense of values
Again an example from the practice of a psychologist. "The girl in the third grade good school, but suddenly for no apparent reason starts to get bad marks in mathematics. For all the control in a row. Obviously the child something doesn't add up. Check it out. It turns out the girl does not understand what is the value, it operates with numbers, but she has no inner sense that behind each number is the value. She could not separate strip of paper into equal parts, not guessed folded in half, and then cut. And learning with my hint to fold the strip in half, could not fold it four equal pieces of paper - it is not understood that the strip you just need to bend again".
The child is normal, it just doesn't feel what's behind the numbers. And this feeling should be given to seven years for sure. "Brought to class ten books and five gave to the disciples," and need to feel that five is not by itself a certain number, not an independent variable, and the other half from ten. The number of liters in the bottle does not depend on the shape of the tank and in the pan and in the bottle one number.
"My grandmother in my childhood, she always asked, what is heavier, a pound of hay or a pound of iron.
- That's it, it also refers to the invariant values. Often ask children to such problems, and everything is mathematics in order.
The essence of number, numbers, weights helps to understand the normal weighing. But not on electronic scales, which could still see the child in the supermarket. They put the package of potatoes and popping numbers. Where did they come from? Why these and not others? It is not clear. As usual scales make clear what it means "to weigh". Kilo of apples balances kilo weight. And no need to explain. And so visible. Good to be home pharmacy scales. And tell the kid to draw his attention: onion weighing 100 grams per Cup will not fit, and 100 grams of buckwheat fit. What a piece of clay, weighed in the balance, the same weight, and if we make it laesecke, and if the bulb. You don't need explanations, you just have to learn how nobody explains that milk is white and the water is clear.
Cook dinner, give the child a glass and different banks with pots, pans, let popilliae from one to the other and make sure that the glass of water he in any pan of the glass. Divide the Apple into halves, quarters, thirds. A bunch of beans that go into the soup, divide in half.
Will snap orange on osmushko. I must say, that these activities not only provide an opportunity to learn and understand mathematics, but also develop speech: "Half of the eighth of a mark, NaTrue". It all starts simply:
We shared the orange,
a lot of us, and he is one.
This slice for hedgehog,
this slice for swift...
As for the wolf skin.
And as an adult, people with sensitive to native speech hearing will be able to grasp the real meaning, for example, this poem Novella Matveeva:
I said, not a warrior,
I said bifurcated,
I said, frustrated,
Racketeerin,
Crucified!..
The consistency of the thoughts
"Come to me, boy-first-grader. Talking to a friend, slowly. Discuss the task of his textbook: "On the shelf was ten books, five shot, how much is left? " Ask him about that task. Answers: about the book. What does it mean about books? Is the problem about what books were on the shelf, fantasy, fairy tales, comic books? No. Again about that task? Says, about the shelf. Specify: again about the shelf, probably, in the problem States that the regiment of metal or wood, painted white or black paint? No. The third time he guessed: a problem about the number of books".
One frequent cause of misunderstanding problems - the inability to Express thoughts, to isolate the main and secondary. This skill is necessary for the development of any school subject. In mathematics, for example. Examples of student decides learned the algorithm, but can't, there will need to understand what exactly is at stake. So, to the school the child has not yet developed the ability to consistently explain the text.
Orientation
In what space? In any. Space house, room, sheet of paper. And the space is mathematics is geometry.
Send the child to the bathroom, let him put on the right shelf soap, on the left towel. And you should know that the left is even more to the left and to the right is a little more to the right. Ask the child: "Put a little closer, put away" - not the fact that every preschooler can do it.
By the way, with comparative degrees all the trouble! It though not always refers to spatial concepts, but always to the concepts needed in everyday life and at school. For example, you did not pay attention to the way children play "cold-hot"? There seems to be no game easier. But let us hear how our child says? "Warmer", or just "Heat, heat, heat! " Today, the situation is catastrophic. Rare children entering kindergarten kindergarten possess comparative degree. Closer or further. Narrowly, already narrow. Hot, hot, hot, boiling water!
The basis for the development of spatial thinking, spatial orientation - full of large motor skills. First and foremost, children need to move a lot, play outdoor games. He has the eye to feel the distance, hand weight, to feel the muscles needed to throw down with some force, to throw at the right distance to hit the target. He must feel that if making strides, they need less to reach the goal. And if a little something more.
Dear psychologist, you're not exaggerating? Such evidence! This is certainly clear and preschoolers.
- You are mistaken. I'm in the group podgotovkek this year no one could pass the carpet exactly six steps. They stood in the queue. And they didn't work, until one girl did not realize that it is necessary to adjust the length of the step. And all with delight strode across the carpet, and all turned out in six steps. Then they suggested to go for ten, and began a new torment. And again, not once, but someone guessed. And then asked to take the carpet in two steps. The children were confused. Stood up. Sad. And someone said, "jump you? " It was open.
I must say that here were a group. With a good psychologist, educator or smart dad (or mom) a group capable of more than one child. It has a collective mind. Who has something on the ball, and it becomes common knowledge.
It only seems to us that children are able to walk and widely and small steps. Don't know how. They don't play "shtander" where you want to reach fleeing for so many steps in rounders when you have to Dodge the ball, "resiblock", where you won't hurt to cheat, measuring the distance to coin a little sliding or stronger than its fingers.
A couple of decades ago, every household in bright day twisted rope, there should have been time to jump in and jump out. Standing, getting ready, that's got to resonance, ran under the rope, now jump. A few jumps for you all! and again picked up the rhythm, jumped out. Jumping rope develops rhythm, and rhythm is the word, and the ability to adapt to the world, to harmonize itself. Rhythm is the primary vibration that underlies all things. A child who does not feel the rhythm, unable to fight back as he learns syllables? No. Then check the word wrap will not find test words that also looking through the syllables. We in childhood all! - jump-rope. Therefore, we did not have such total ignorance which prevails now. And we read books. But that's another story...
Intelligence from five to seven
Development of the child from five to seven is very important because, after seven years, the formation of the basic mental functions, ensuring success in school and in life ends. And if in this period, something is not formed, after seven years, you need to make five times more effort to get gleaning, and with unknown result - either work, or not, the grandmother in TWAIN said.
In this sense, the role of adults in the preschool age is to live together with the child, and give him all the fullness of life. Yes, buy educational games, Yes, sew a rag doll. Yes, run zapuska and learn to play prestenotic and football. And cook together soup. But more on this below.
Of course, and direct training. It was after five (not before! up to five benefits are only tales and games, lullabies and toys! ). After five child like to think, to pore over a designer to solve a chess problem. And here to nedogruzil it would be a shame. After five good even very good classes.
Not "develop options, and to live together
How to get a harmoniously developed the seven-year, fully ready for school? This requires joint full life. Because to develop a specific function - it does not mean hiring a tutor or to carry out developmental activities. If a child lives with parents, but not in some parallel world, daily participation in family life is the key to its full development. We can work with your children anything, though brooms knit, and it will be to develop them. Because along the way we will discuss what these hvorostenko flexible, and this hard, this long, but these are shorter. That whisks today, some brownish, in contrast, made a couple of days ago, they were yellow. Today tied fifteen brooms, tomorrow need to do more. That finish yet, because they haven't brought the case to the end. And together remove workplace. And sharpen the knife for tomorrow's work.
The same thing happens when we cook dinner. Still quite small, three-year, we will ask you to give us three bulbs: "No, you gave two. Need another one." And ask him to bring a Cup from the shelf, the one that is right. And put in pie two hundred grams of butter and the same two hundred grams of flour, and shall rejoice together that the weight-they are the same, although the volume they occupy different.
Same thing when my mom, for example, is engaged in the puppet theatre. Plays in the circle "Skilful fingers". First, she (and the baby with her! ) selects the play, they read, think is good? no good? Then up and cleat-sew decorations, dolls, then rehearse...
There is no difference, what exactly do parents. It is important that they did this with the children. Because the child with whom the house talking, which I read and give to draw, which together make any home or nedomisliu case is sure to be we normally developed. Enough to build together with blocks, run cars, cook dinner and family members and dolls, rustling leaves in autumn Park, looking at bugs on the branch, Biking... to Live.
And no additional "development" and "training" him to enroll in school is not needed. To a child's development is completely indifferent to what to take as a basis. His mental functions can be loaded on any material, by any classes.
Dear psychologist, but scary! And if we've missed something? The development of any skill or function?
- Do not be afraid. Required skill he will be able to form in the school, if necessary. And all the features this baby will be developed normally.
Parents often complain about the lack of time. Indeed, we all get tired at work. Many mothers work, and for a long time. Come home late. To argue with that difficult. Yes, if family life is so, we have to reckon with the reality. I would just like to draw attention to the fact that you get tired of all the parents. Always. Raising children is a big load. Therefore, chronic fatigue and employment of parents have two options.
The first path is to overcome yourself. In this case we stored our fatigue, laziness, the desire to relax and come home to start a life together with your child. Despite fatigue and reluctance. The fact that it is extremely important not even the quantity and quality of communication. The more important it is when time and energy to spare.
What is it? Here you saw on the walk unfamiliar flower.
- Dad, what is it? A bell?
- No, not the bell for sure. What I don't know. We get home, we'll see.
Now, coming home, necessarily - not forgetting, without reminders, baby! - look, what was that flower. On the Internet, in the reference plants of the middle band, somewhere else. Of course, for this you need to have sources of information. How long will it take such a finding? Five minutes, fifteen? No more. It is very long and malononitrile, you will agree. But the benefits to a child's development is huge. It's not even that he learns the name of a particular flower, you will receive a response to any question. The main thing is that he will see exactly how to get information and I will take this method into service. Or will not take. But your case is made. Showed. Once, twice, a third. You gave the child, that's the thing. And started their actions to form a stereotype of his behavior. In this case, this stereotype is the following - if I don't know something, then you need to look in the book or anywhere else. It is development.
The second way is to pay for the work of specialists. Nanny, governess, psychologist, speech therapist. If parents knowingly not ready to engage in their children, but only of his own Affairs and work, function, development, education performed by specially trained professionals. I have no time, desire, there is no certainty that I am the mom or dad will do it well, no strength to deal with my child, I entrust it to someone you trust. This method has its pitfalls and often leads to disappointment. However, frequent and good luck. Parents need to understand the main thing: the child does not grow by itself. Not amuse themselves with the illusion that without effort on the part of adults will grow a beautiful rose. Tenacious weeds - please, whatever it is. But cultural well-groomed plant will grow only where taken care of.
From the book "How to survive the 1st of September".
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