Chicken pox, or varicella
Pathogen: viruswriters-zoster (Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV).
Transmission method: droplet. Is transmitted from a sick person healthy when talking, coughing, sneezing.
Immunity to chicken pox: lifelong. Is produced either as a result of disease or after vaccination. Children whose mothers had chickenpox or been vaccinated against it, immunity to chickenpox is transmitted from the mother in utero and saved the first 6-12 months of life.
Incubation period: from 10 to 23 days.
Contagious period: the entire period of the rash +5 days after the last eruption.
Manifestations: red dots appear simultaneously with the rise of temperature. However, sometimes the temperature may be normal or increased slightly. Spots very quickly turn into a single vesicles-vesicles filled with clear yellowish fluid. They soon dry up and covered with scabs. A distinctive feature of chickenpox - rash on the head under the hair and mucous membranes (mouth at century and so on). Very often this rash itches.
Treatment: chickenpox resolves on its own, so treatment can only be symptomatic: to bring the temperature down, to treat itchy rash Zelenka (in order, combing the bubbles, the child is not brought it there additional infection), give an antihistamine to hurt less. Swim with the chicken pox! But this should not RUB affected areas - instead, you need to carefully producivity them with a towel.
Important: use greenery or other dyes (fukortsin and so on) is necessary and in order not to miss the next rash, because the spread will be only the old spots. It is easier to track and the last hearth rash.
Herpes simplex
Pathogen: herpes simplex virus. There are two types: herpes simplex virus type I causes a rash in the mouth area, type II - in the genital area and anus.
Transmission method: airborne and contact (kissing, common household items and so on).
Immunity: not produced, the disease is with periodic exacerbations of the stress or other infections (ARVI and so on).
Incubation period: 4-6 days.
Contagious period: all the time of the rash.
Manifestations: a few days before the rash may be itchy and sore skin. Then this place will be a group of closely spaced bubbles. The temperature rises extremely rare.
Treatment: special antiviral ointments, such as acyclovir, etc.
Important: ointment be used immediately after the occurrence of itching and soreness before the appearance of bubbles. In this case, the rash may not occur.
Syndrome hand-foot-mouth"
(from the English names of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease, HFMD), or enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthema.
Pathogen: enteroviruses.
Transmission method: fecal-oral and respiratory. The virus is transmitted from person-to-person communication, conversation, using common household items (dishes, toys, bedding and so on).
Immunity:
after the disease is life.
Incubation period: from 2 days to 3 weeks, for an average of about 7 days. Contagious period: from the beginning of the disease.
Manifestations: first, the temperature rises and begins stomatitis: rash on the mucous membrane of the mouth, pain when eating, excessive salivation. The fever lasts 3-5 days, often on its background notes diarrhea, in some cases, runny nose and cough. On the second or third day of illness, a rash in the form of single bubbles or small spots. The name of the disease comes from the deployment of the rash: it is located on the hands, feet and around the mouth. The rash lasts 3-7 days, and then disappears.
Treatment: there is no specific treatment, are symptomatic means to reduce temperature and relieve pain associated with the disease. The disease resolves on its own, complications are possible only in case of secondary bacterial or fungal infection in the mouth.
The diagnosis of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis is not easy, because the rash is not immediately and very often it is regarded as a manifestation of Allergy.
Important:
despite active use in the treatment of stomatitis various painkillers, first few days, the child may be very painful to eat. In such cases, it is appropriate to use the maximum amount of liquid food (milk, milk products, milk shakes, baby food for kids, soups, and so on) and give it through a straw. Be sure to check food temperature: it should be neither cold, nor too hot - just warm.
Roseola
(sudden exanthema, sixth disease)
Pathogen: another representative of the glorious family of herpes viruses - herpes virus 6-th type.
The mode of transmission: airborne. The infection spreads when talking, talking, sneezing, etc.
Immunity: after the disease is lifelong. In children under 4 months have immunity, acquired in utero from the mother. The incubation period of 3-7 days.
Contagious period:
all diseases.
Manifestations: a sudden rise of temperature, and after 3-5 days of inadvertent lowering. Simultaneously with the normalization temperature appears pink fine and srednespetsial rash. It is located mainly on the trunk and usually does not cause itching. Disappears within 5 days.
Treatment:
only symptomatic therapy - drinking plenty of fluids, temperature reduction, etc.
The herpes virus is exacerbated because of the stress or infections, such as SARS.
The disease resolves on its own, virtually no complications.
Roseola often called pseudoranges, because cutaneous manifestations of these diseases are very similar. The hallmark of roseola is the appearance of the rash after the fall of temperature.
Important: as in the case of enterovirus stomatitis, rash, occurred on the first day of the disease, is often considered to be allergic. Sometimes they are really hard to distinguish, but allergic rash, usually quite itchy, when roseola same itch should not exist.
Rubella
Pathogen: rubella virus (Rubella virus)
Transmission method: droplet. The virus is transmitted through communication, coughing and talking.
Immunity: lifelong. Is produced or after illness or after vaccination. Children whose mothers suffered from measles or been vaccinated against it, immunity to rubella is transmitted in utero and saved the first 6-12 months of life.
Incubation period: from 11 to 24 days.
Contagious period: 7 days from infection and until the complete disappearance of the rash + another 4 days.
Manifestations: temperature increases. On the face, limbs, torso appears small, pale pink, itchy rash, and simultaneously increase zadaszenia lymph nodes. The temperature is kept not more than 2-3 days, and the rash goes on 2-7 day from arising.
Treatment: only symptomatic therapy: drink plenty of water, if necessary, lower temperatures and so on, the Children carry the disease easily, but adults are often complications. Rubella is most dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy: virus crosses the placenta and cause congenital rubella, which resulted in the newborn can be deafness, cataracts or congenital heart defect. So to all, especially girls, it is strongly recommended course of vaccination against this disease.
Measles
Pathogen: the measles virus (Polinosa morbillarum)
Transmission method: droplet. Extremely contagious and very volatile measles virus can not only be transmitted by direct contact with a sick person, but also, for example, to extend vent pipes, infecting people in neighboring apartments.
Immunity: lifelong. Is produced or after illness or after vaccination. Children whose mothers were ill with measles or been vaccinated against it, immunity to measles is transmitted in utero and saved the first 6-12 months of life.
Incubation period:
9-21 day.
Contagious period: With the last two days of the incubation period before the 5th day of the rash.
Manifestations: fever, cough, hoarseness, conjunctivitis. On the 3rd to 5th day of the disease appear bright, large, sometimes confluent spots on the face, while the temperature is maintained. On the 2nd day the rash appears on the trunk, on the 3-rd - on the limbs. About the fourth day from the moment of occurrence of the rash begins to fade in the same order as they appeared.
Treatment: symptomatic therapy: drink plenty of water, darkened room (because conjunctivitis is accompanied by photophobia), fever. Children up to 6 years prescribe antibiotics to prevent secondary bacterial infection. Vaccination of measles has now become a fairly rare disease.
Infectious erytherma, or fifth disease
Pathogen: parvovirus B19
Transmission method: droplet. Most often the infection is common in children in organized groups of children - nurseries, kindergartens and schools.
Immunity: after the disease is life.
Incubation period: 6-14 days.
Contagious period: the incubation period + the whole period of the disease.
Manifestations:
everything starts as usual with the flu. Within 7-10 days the child feels some discomfort (sore throat, slight runny nose, headache), but it's worth it to "get better", as against the background of full health, without any increase in temperature, there is a red, confluent rash on the cheeks, more reminiscent of mark slapped. Simultaneously or after a few days you experience rash on the trunk and extremities, which form a "string" on the skin, but not itchy. Red rash quickly replaced by a bluish-red. Over the next two to three weeks kept low temperature, and the rash appears and disappears depending on physical activity, air temperature, contact with water, etc.
Treatment:
there is no specific treatment, only symptomatic therapy. The disease resolves on its own, complications are extremely rare.
Scarlet fever
Pathogen: beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A.
Transmission method: droplet. The pathogen is transmitted when talking, coughing, using common household items (dishes, toys, and so on).
Immunity:
after the disease is life.
Incubation period: 1-7 days.
Contagious period: the first few days of illness.
Manifestations:
the disease begins as an ordinary sore throat (sore throat, temperature). Characteristic of scarlet fever rash appear on 1-3 day from the onset of the disease. A rash of small, bright pink, is located mainly on the cheeks, groin, and sides of the torso and 3-7 days passes. Nasolabial triangle is pale and free of rashes is the hallmark of scarlet fever. After the disappearance of the rash on the palms and feet began to peel off the skin.
Treatment:
only broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible, because scarlet fever can cause the development of such autoimmune diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune brain damage.
Sometimes the disease is in the erased form, without the expressed increase of a temperature, sore throat and rash. In such cases, parents only notice it suddenly started peeling on the palms. If this happens, be sure to consult with your doctor.
Important:
as scarlet fever can cause the development of serious autoimmune diseases, for early detection of possible complications, the doctors recommend to do blood and urine tests. The first time pass them during illness, and then repeat two weeks after recovery, Then it is recommended to make and electrocardiogram.
The literacy
The incubation period
- the period when the infection has already occurred, but the disease is not yet developed.
Contagious period
the time when a sick person can infect others.
Taken to distinguish between the six "primary" disease with a rash:
the first disease - measles, second disease - scarlet fever, the third disease - measles, fourth disease - infectious mononucleosis, fifth disease - infectious erythema, sixth disease - children's roseola (sudden exanthema).
Source:
The family site
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