No one will argue that hurt his knee and damage eyes - concepts are not comparable. The second is much more dangerous, and sometimes entails far more serious consequences than bruises or bumps.Our consultant
Chief pediatric ophthalmologist Department of health, Kyiv, head of children's Department of the Center of eye microsurgery Elena Lepikhov.
Injure eyes and everyone can at any age, and methods of first aid to the child that the adult is the same. So at a critical moment not get confused and know how to act, remember the main points "emergency eye care".
The eyewinker
Foreign body (a mote of dust, a grain of sand, a piece of fluff) getting into the eye, usually settles beneath the lower or upper eyelid. In any case, do not RUB your eyes or try to remove the mote using a handkerchief or piece of bandage. Without even noticing, you can injure the conjunctiva (the top layer of the outer membrane of the eye).
What to do? A few seconds to blink, perhaps, the mote will pop up with tears. If not, flush exposed eyes. Take anti-inflammatory antibacterial: 0, 002 % decametoxyn solution, chloramphenicol or a 20 % solution of sulfacetamide and an eyedropper. Continuously bury 3-5 drops 5-7 times in a row. If near at hand there was no need of drugs, use plain boiled water, in extreme cases, water from the tap. After a few treatments move the eyes from side to side to direct foreign body "exit." However, some time you may feel that the speck is still there, but it's not: just have a feeling the presence of a foreign body. But if the next day you will feel the discomfort of the eyes are red and Lisitsa, then go immediately to an ophthalmologist.
Attention! When washing, pull the eyelids with thumb and forefinger: drops should fall directly in the eye slit.
Chemical burn
Experts believe chemicals are very dangerous to the eyes. And to them, of course, applies to all such peaceful and usual household chemicals. Unfortunately, quite often the cause of injury becomes disinfectant tool for baths or washing.
If the conjunctiva gets glue, acid or alkali, there is a strong burn. The faster remove residues of these substances from the surface of the eye, the less severe will be the consequences.
What to do? Immediately call an ambulance, but before the arrival of the doctors wash eyes with plenty of water. If you know exactly what has got into eyes (or you can read about it on the label means), then wash it: acid burn - alkaline and alkaline - acidic.
There are three ways to wash: pipette, a syringe without a needle or straight from a Cup (if you don't have neither the first nor the second), after which it drops eye anti-inflammatory agent, put the piece folded into several layers of bandage and fix the patch.
Cat's claw
Each doctor will confirm that the cat scratches is a dangerous thing. If affected only the outer layer of the eye is a wound for a long time and heals poorly. And if the claw touched his eyes deeper, there is an instant infection and rapidly developing inflammation. In fact, at the tip of the claw accumulated an incredible number of pathogens.
What to do? Drip antibacterial, put a bandage (bandage) and immediately go to an ophthalmologist.
Blow finger
If the kick is weak, that's okay. And if strong, can suffer internal eye area - average sheath, fitted with a large number of vessels, without compromising the integrity of the outer shell.
What to do? If after a heavy blow in the pain persists for several hours, and the picture became blurry, immediately go to a specialist.
Tears in the wind
If you on the street begin to tear the eyes, do not worry, this is normal. Tear - natural protective environment, protecting the eyes from cold, wind, sun.
But if your eyes water in the room, this is not normal. Possible cause - obstruction of the lachrymal canal. In newborns and infants from birth is a thin periphack, closing the tear duct, and after some time it disappears by itself or after washing. Older children and adults problems with obstruction can occur due to transferred inflammation or injury, and eliminates, in most cases, surgically.
Allergic to...
In addition to skin rashes, cough and snotty nose, allergies can manifest in the form of conjunctivitis - inflammation of the thin outer shell. To cope with allergic conjunctivitis will help you tandem doctor, allergist, ophthalmologist.
Computer eye strain
This term in theory, but in practice few uses. The computer fatigue syndrome - the character is generalized and includes a few things:
- sitting at the monitor, looking from the bottom up, or straight ahead - the eye muscles get tired faster;
- color flow irritates the retina;
- fascinated by the process, the person forgets to blink and the outer shell dries up.
During prolonged work at the computer these "production costs" lead to excessive fatigue, poor sleep, memory, appetite, dizziness and irritability. To avoid health problems, ophthalmologists recommend to spend on a monitor, adult, 45 minutes and 15, then be sure to make a break for 15-20 minutes. "Time out" is needed, first of all, the eyes, so the TV and the book is not the best way of rest. It is advisable to lie down or sit with your eyes closed for 5-7 minutes, gently massage the eyes with fingertips to do gymnastics: to move the eyes from side to side, up and down, diagonally.
Anatomy of the eye
Three eye shell
- Primary responsibility outer (fibrous) shell - to protect eyes from damage. It consists of a white opaque dense tissue of the sclera, which goes ahead in a transparent plate - the cornea, equipped with a large number of nerve endings. The visible part of the sclera is called the eye protein. The sclera and the cornea is covered by another thin shell - conjunctiva, which in the case of an injury is quickly restored. When injury or inflammation of the cornea develops corneal syndrome (lacrimation, photophobia and inability to open the eyes).
- Middle (vascular), the shell executes the nutritional function of supplying eyes all necessary. Unlike the exterior, it is permeated with blood vessels and muscles. There are three sections: the vascular membrane, ciliary body and iris (it is judged on the colour of the eyes).
- Internal (retin-a) is responsible for the image. Consists of light-sensitive cells (specialized cells), which send electronic impulses to the brain.
"The natural lens of the eye
This lens. It is transparent, flexible - can change shape almost instantly focusing on any subject near and far. Located in the capsule, behind the cornea and the "bag" of liquid. The crystalline lens and the cornea, is included in the optical system of the eye.
The magazine "the World of family, No. 4, 2005
Author:
Bilenko So
No comments:
Post a Comment