What caused the problem? Currently in Ukraine progressive decreases the number of population and deteriorating his health. The average life expectancy for men at 11-12 years of women 7-8 years less than in developed European countries. Urbanization, the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, nuclear proliferation, acid rain, migration and displacement, lack of education and employment, alcohol, drugs, unhealthy lifestyle - all these factors have a harmful effect on cells of the immune system. As a result of the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In Ukraine there is a constant growth of STDs, and they cause significant harm reproductive health. The situation is critical because health facilities for diagnosis and treatment of STDs almost not ready. Young people generally know little about the sexually transmitted infections. Even those who suspect that you have contracted the disease are reluctant to seek treatment. The reasons for this are varied: shame, fear of lack of confidentiality, the expectation of reproach and condemnation by health professionals and, sometimes, the high cost of treatment. Difficulty discussing sexual problems, as a rule, are exacerbated by the lack of time as the doctor and the patient, as well as the lack of elementary education in sexual matters. Campaign to inform the public about the dangers of STDs and HIV at the state level is very sluggish. Let us, in this article, we will try to change the situation and find out what STDs are, how they occur, how to avoid, what to do if contamination has occurred.
What is an STD?
An infectious disease transmitted from person to person through sexual intercourse, are fairly common. Now count more than 20 pathogens of these diseases. Worldwide STDs are among the most common infectious diseases. Highly developed countries the incidence of STD's virtually no lag, and, for some indicators, even overtake third world countries. Gonorrhea, a representative of the classical sexually transmitted diseases in the world is infected with more than 250 million people a year. New sexually transmitted diseases, there are very long time, people suffer from them from time immemorial, but to diagnose their learned relatively recently, and these diseases as an independent "appeared" not so long ago.
The old fashioned way, to the category of "sexually transmitted diseases" in Ukraine legally numbered four diseases: syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid and inguinal chlamydia. The last two diseases in our country are fairly rare - mostly, they are common in tropical countries. The status of "classic" venereal disease in former Soviet republics, including Ukraine, along with the countries of Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, can be regarded as the epidemic. There is an opinion that other STDs, so-called latent infection, consequences, and caused harm to no less dangerous than the "classic", as they are often asymptomatic, affect the condition of the body and its reproductive function in General. Hidden infections include chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, viral (CMV, herpes, papilloma) and fungal infections of the genitourinary system. According to statistics, about 75% of women at least once in their life have suffered an episode of urogenital candidiasis, and 40% of them the disease recurs. Trichomoniasis suffer 60-70% of women with excessive allocation. Urogenital chlamydia is widely distributed worldwide, the incidence is constantly increasing, chlamydial infection is established at 15% of women with inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
Unfortunately, I do not have sufficient data to select STD, which in Ukraine is the most frequently -. There are several reasons: often people don't go to doctors because they don't know about his illness; doctors of our clinics (gynecologists, urologists, andrologists, ophthalmologists, astrology, etc.) refuse to acknowledge the existence of these diseases. STDs often manifest themselves inflammation that doctors treat a loading dose of antibiotics. If not helped one antibiotic will appoint another, and people from such treatment often loses the ability to conceive and bear children, becomes impotent. In this case, doctors write off arisen pathological condition on STD. Although none of STDs may not be the cause of male impotence. STDs can cause male infertility only if they cause inflammation of the epididymis or epididymitis (and this happens very often in men under 35 years of age). In women, STDs can themselves be a cause of infertility. What else dangerous latent infection? During pregnancy, fetal development, some of them lead to severe congenital diseases, deformities or death of the child in the womb. Adult hidden sex infections often lead to the pathology of internal organs.
How infection occurs and how to protect yourself from it?
STDs are mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse, unprotected sex with an infected partner. The rejection of "safe" sex is usually because of lack of knowledge, lack of condoms, negative attitudes toward condoms, cultures and religions, norms of sexual behavior that are deeply rooted in everyday life. Also the latent infection is dangerous to those that suffer from them not only sexual partners they are able to be transmitted to the fetus in utero, the baby via breast milk, through saliva by kissing, by blood transfusion, by household. Remember that teenagers and young women are more susceptible to STDs that women are more susceptible to infection that circumcision reduces the risk of infection.
In the prevention of latent infections, the primary role played by the timely testing for sexually transmitted infections. Prevention and treatment of STIs can reduce the risk of HIV transmission, especially among people who have a large number of sexual partners. The most effective means of reducing transmission of STDs is the male latex condom, but even it does not guarantee 100% protection from infection, its reliability is 65% to 98%, depending on the infection. Even a very good condoms sometimes break (1 time 100-130 sexual acts). Therefore, for reliable protection against STDs, the male partner must use a quality latex condom in combination with spermicide, a special chemical substances that inactivate sperm, and strictly adhere to the instructions for its use in any form of sexual contact. Another form of protection against genital infections - spermicides. Modern spermicides consist of two components: a chemical that kills sperm, and foundations, which is responsible for the distribution of spermicide into the vagina. It envelops the cervix so that no sperm are not able to avoid contact with spermicide. Spermicides, and condoms are available in pharmacies in the form of jelly, foam, melting or foaming suppositories, foaming tablets, soluble films and t.d. Before use, carefully read and then just follow the instructions on their application. These tools protect you from STIs slightly worse than condoms, and also require careful execution of the instruction on application. Keep in mind that douching or vaginal shower after sex, do not provide any contraceptive effect, no protection from STD. In addition, these procedures can neutralize the effect of the applied spermicides and to facilitate the penetration of infection in Your body. Regularly visit your gynecologist and urologist-andrologist for visual examination and necessary tests.
If casual sexual contact happened, but no condom or spermicide at hand was not, it is necessary to wash hands and genitals with soap and water (2 times). Women a good douching of the vagina, using water with antiseptic. Within 2 hours after intercourse, you can use the drug Betadine, Miramistin, etc. Minus prevention - 100% guarantee it does not. In any case, it is necessary to consult a specialist and 3-4 weeks to get tested for the infection. The most important weapon against STDs still remains the prevention of genital infections. To be sure that You and Your sexual partner has no STDs, you must pass the inspection of a number of studies.
When you need to sound the alarm?
Signs of infection can be:
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unusual discharge from the genitals (white, slimy, green, frothy), with a smell or without;
itching and burning in the vulva;
the appearance of the skin or mucous membranes spots, ulcers, vesicles;
increased need to urinate or painful urination;
discomfort in lower abdomen;
pain in the groin and the scrotum;
pain during intercourse;
menstrual irregularities;
enlarged lymph nodes.
If you have any of these symptoms, she should see a gynecologist, man - to the urologist or the dermatologist-venereologist. Also, do not forget that various factors (drugs, alcohol, diseases that weaken the immune system) can lead to distortion of the symptoms, or asymptomatic for STDs. One hundred percent confident that You are healthy, can give only the results of laboratory tests for STIs. Diagnosis and treatment of STDs is better in the early stages, when You do not worry. Do not forget that Your health is the key to health of Your family and Your children.
The way of diagnosis and treatment
For diagnosis use STD: etiological diagnosis (laboratory tests to identify the pathogen) and clinical diagnosis (clinical experience of the doctor to identify symptoms, typical for STDs). Today there is no single methodology laboratory examination of patients for diagnosis of STDs. There are no uniform procedures and guidelines for the conduct of such surveys. Very often, the diagnosis of an STD, do not take into account quantitative indicators microflora, since the same microorganism, in different cases, can act either as a causative agent of disease, or as a representative of the normal microflora of the vagina. Although the diagnosis of STDs, namely infections, their causes, cannot be considered as absolutely perfect - it is, however, sufficiently reliable and accurate.
For the diagnosis of infections such as chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma need to get the scraping of the mucosa of the urethra men or cervical canal women. Ideal as a diagnostic material and residue of the first portion of urine. Diagnosis of Trichomonas can be carried out in fresh material (highlight, wash, urine, mucus), or by using special nutrient medium. The presence of Trichomonas is proven, if you can find a live pathogen with all its elements (primarily body and flagella). Diagnosis of Trichomonas in stained smears is not considered sufficiently reliable. In the diagnosis of latent infections, the need arises in the testing of blood for the detection of specific antigens and antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The best method of initial diagnosis and screening for STDs is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Currently, DNA diagnosis is the most reliable analysis on the latent infections. In any case, it should be borne in mind that the results of the diagnosis of an STD at some institutions can be faked for the subsequent implementation of pay "treatment". Therefore, before seeking diagnosis and treatment, get the maximum information about the reputation of the medical institution!
If suspicions were confirmed and the results are positive, the test is recommended and Your partner. To treat STDs must necessarily together. During treatment, sex is not recommended, although possible, but only with condom use.
In no event it is impossible to self-medicate! When uncontrolled use of antibiotics, You ensure that the disease is not cured, but is disguised. Moreover, the microorganisms are adapted to the drug, which is many times complicates treatment. Only timely access to a doctor is a guarantee of successful treatment. In the diagnosis and treatment of diseases doctors take into account all the individual characteristics of the organism, as well as strictly adhere to the standards accepted in medicine.
Source:
Health Of Ukraine
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